23 March 2026

The Nuanced Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves and Photon Behaviour in Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM).

Soumendra Nath Thakur 
March 23, 2026

Electromagnetic waves, as described in classical physics, propagate at a constant speed (c) in vacuum, with frequency (f) and wavelength (λ) related through (c = fλ). While this relation is experimentally well-established, current physics—including Maxwellian electromagnetism and relativity—does not explain the microscopic phase dynamics that govern the emergence of (c) or the quantization of energy. In special relativity, the invariance of (c) is postulated rather than derived, and in quantum theory, energy quantization is postulated without connecting to phase-resolved intra-cycle dynamics.

Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) provides a new framework that resolves these conceptual gaps by introducing phase-dependent evolution of wavelength and velocity, particularly in the context of pre-Planck and Planck-scale dynamics. 

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