Preprints.org reading list: ECM Redefining Force, Mass, and Light.

URL https://www.preprints.org/reading-list/30

This reading list explores the foundations and implications of Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) — a novel framework that redefines motion, gravity, and light through dynamic mass interactions. ECM generalizes Newtonian mechanics to unify the behavior of massive and massless particles using concepts like negative apparent mass and effective mass, explaining gravitational and inertial phenomena across both local and cosmological scales. 

Key highlights: 

• Extends classical force and gravitational laws into relativistic domains 

• Reinterprets photon dynamics and antigravitational behavior without invoking spacetime curvature 

• Reconstructs relativistic effects (e.g., time dilation, gravitational lensing) through frequency and wavelength dynamics 

• Aligns naturally with cosmological data — ECM’s negative effective mass parallels dark energy in models such as Chernin et al. (2013): [doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220781] . 

This list includes foundational and related works: 

• Foundational Formulation of ECM: From Classical Force Laws to Relativistic Dynamics 

 • ...From Classical Gravitational Laws to Relativistic Dynamics (forthcoming) 

 • This includes the accompanying preprints as well as related works: 

• Related works:  

•[https://doi.org/10.32388/XBUWVD]  

•[https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.22492066.v2] . 

ECM not only addresses key gaps in relativity — including acceleration and field interaction — but also shows empirical consistency with astrophysical and laboratory data, from galaxy cluster dynamics to oscillator-based time shift experiments. 

• Foundational Formulation of Extended Classical Mechanics: From Classical Force Laws to Relativistic Dynamics - Soumendra Nath Thakur 
• Photon Dynamics in Extended Classical Mechanics: Effective Mass, Negative Inertia, Momentum Exchange and Analogies with Dark Energy - Soumendra Nath Thakur 
• A Nuanced Perspective on Dark Energy: Extended Classical Mechanics - Soumendra Nath Thakur 
• Photon Interactions with External Gravitational Fields: True Cause of Gravitational Lensing - Soumendra Nath Thakur

Extended Classical Mechanics: Redefining Force, Mass, and Light.

Soumendra Nath Thakur 

April 24, 2025

This Reading List explores the foundations and implications of Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) — a novel framework that redefines motion, gravity, and light through dynamic mass interactions. ECM generalizes Newtonian mechanics to unify the behavior of massive and massless particles, introducing concepts like negative apparent mass and effective mass to explain inertial and gravitational phenomena across both local and cosmological scales.

Key highlights include:

• A generalized mechanics that extends classical force laws and gravitational principles into relativistic domains  

• A fresh interpretation of photon dynamics and antigravitational behavior, without relying on spacetime curvature  

• A reconstruction of relativistic effects like time dilation and gravitational lensing through frequency and wavelength dynamics  

• A natural alignment with cosmological observations, where ECM’s negative effective mass corresponds to the repulsive component of dark energy described by Chernin et al. (2013)

This list includes two foundational and other works:

• [Foundational Formulation of Extended Classical Mechanics: From Classical Force Laws to Relativistic Dynamics](https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202504.1501.v1)  

• Foundational Formulation of Extended Classical Mechanics: From Classical Gravitational Laws to Relativistic Dynamics (forthcoming)  

• [Photon Dynamics in Extended Classical Mechanics: Effective Mass, Negative Inertia, Momentum Exchange and Analogies with Dark Energy](https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.1797.v1)

• [A Nuanced Perspective on Dark Energy: Extended Classical Mechanics](https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.2325.v1)  

• [Photon Interactions with External Gravitational Fields: True Cause of Gravitational Lensing](https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.2121.v1)

• [Re-examining Time Dilation through the Lens of Entropy](https://doi.org/10.32388/XBUWVD) 

• [Relativistic effects on phaseshift in frequencies invalidate time dilation II](https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.22492066.v2)  

• [Dark energy and the structure of the Coma cluster of galaxies](https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220781) — A.D. Chernin et al., Astronomy & Astrophysics (2013)

ECM not only fills crucial gaps in relativity — such as its treatment of acceleration and gravitational field interactions — but also achieves empirical consistency with astrophysical and laboratory data, including studies on galaxy cluster dynamics and oscillator-based time shift experiments.