The youngest and most distant known galaxy - it's light travel distance and present proper distance.

HD1 is a purported high red-shift galaxy, and as of April 2022, it is considered to be the earliest, youngest and most distant known galaxy yet identified in the observable universe, located only about (330 million years) after the Big Bang (13.8 billion years ago), a light-travel distance of 13.5 billion light-years from Earth, and, due to the expansion of the universe, a present proper distance of 33.4 billion light-years.


[NOTE: Co-moving distance and proper distance are two closely related distance measures used by cosmologists to define distances between objects. Proper distance roughly corresponds to where a distant object would be at a specific moment of cosmological time, which can change over time due to the expansion of the universe. Co-moving distance factors out the expansion of the universe, giving a distance that does not change in time due to the expansion of space (though this may change due to other, local factors, such as the motion of a galaxy within a cluster]

 

#HD1 #LightTravelDistance #ProperDistance

 

The space, time and the existential universe are seperate considerations: The space-time concept invalid.

The expression, "expansion of space" would mean the expansion of space against time, even if time is not mentioned there.

Another expression, "expansion of the universe" would mean, expansion of the existential universe, against time, occupying three dimensional space.

However, the expansion rate of said existential universe is not likely to be the same rate of expansion as of space, because of the reason that space is dragging out the existential universe along with it by some mysterious force. The rigidity of the existential universe likely to counteract against said dragging of space, as a consequence, respective rates of expansion between space and existential universe likely to be different for same said reason. 

Whatsoever, said expansions of both - space and material universe - conveys their expansions only against time. 

Therefore, time cannot be an embedded part, either of the space or material universe; for the reason time is concept, devised to track or witness such expansions, and events, when space and material universe are tracked or witnessed by time, as if, time acts like an umpire, and space, existential universe act like the players. 

There is another inconsistency in the concept of space-rime is that, in case of expanding space, or the existential universe, the time, in space-time continuum, unlikely to be in uniformed secession, considering irreversible nature of time. This is undesirable. 

And the accelerated expansion of space would make the space-time idea even worse, and defective, no wonder such defects are very likely when time is preferred to be reversible or modifiable against the normal secession of time, and even time being a concept. 

There is no reasonably to consider and accept space and time as a space-time continuum, as in general relativity of Einstein. 

• Einstein preferred time to be reversible or modifiable, against the normal secession of time.
• Space, Universe - their expansions only against time, even if time is not mentioned.
• Space-time continuum results inconsistency, un-uniformed secession of time, undesirable.
• Accelerated expansion of space would make time even worse in space-time continuum.
• Time is a concept, devised to track expansions and events, so cannot be embedded with space.

- Soumendra Nath Thakur 19-Apr-2022

#spacetime #spacetimecontinuum #space #time #expansion #expansionofspace

Testing time, in Einstein's space-time, applied in intergalactic space - dominated by mysterious force over gravity.

The expansion of space means the expansion of space against time, even if time is not mentioned there, and expansion of the universe would mean, expansion of the material universe, against time, occupying three dimensional space. 

 

However, the expansion rate of said existential universe is not likely to be the same rate of expansion as of space, because of the reason that space is dragging out the existential universe along with it by some mysterious force.

 

The rigidity of the existential universe likely to counteract against said dragging of space, as a consequence, respective rates of expansion between space and existential universe likely to be different for same said reason. 

 

Whatever, said expansions of both - space and material universe - conveys their expansions only against time. Therefore, time cannot be an embedded part, either of the space or material universe; for the reason time is a concept, devised to track or witness such expansions, and events, when space and material universe are tracked or witnessed by time, as if, time acts like an umpire, and space, existential universe act like the players. 

 

There is another inconsistency in the concept of space-time is that, in case of expanding space, or the existential universe, the time, in space-time continuum, unlikely to be in uniformed secession, considering irreversible nature of time. This is undesirable. And the accelerated expansion of space would make the space-rime idea even worse, and defective, no wonder such defects are very likely when time is preferred to be reversible or modifiable against the normal secession of time, and even time being a concept. 

 

There is no reasonably to consider and accept space and time as a space-time continuum, as in general relativity of Einstein.

Where expansion of space is relevant and where not:

Better way to say that the Universe is expanding only within intergalactic space, that too beyond the zero gravity spheres around the galaxies relevant, but such intergalactic space may not mean the gravitationally bound cluster or super cluster of galaxies - where there is considerable influence of gravity. 

Our Galaxy, Milky Way, is gravitationally bound with Andromeda galaxy, these galaxies belong to Virgo Cluster. Therefore, the space between these galaxies, since gravitationally bound, may not follow the same nature in expansion as in other intergalactic space - not gravitationally bound.

 

#expnasionofspace #expansion

 

The Universe and the nature of its expansions:

Our Universe began forming in its location of the origin at the Big Bang event 13.8 billion years ago; - space began, expanded through inflation, accordingly time needed to begin its uniformed succession in the primordial existence of said event. The universe grew from an almost infinitely small point to nearly an octillion times in size called Cosmic inflation - a faster than light expansion of the universe that spawned the primordial existence, following this universe continued to expand at a slower rate. The acceleration of this expansion began after the universe was already over 7.7 to 9.8 billion years old, called metric expansion of the space. The current rate of expansion of the universal space is between 66 and 74 km/s/Mpc (kilometers per second per mega-parsec.)

1.   Therefore, there is no centre of the current universe; as it was left at the location of its origin.

2.   Gravity does not have influence within the intergalactic space, at least, in intergalactic scale, specifically ruled by some mysterious influence.

3.   The distant galaxies observed to be surrounded by zero-gravity spheres within specific intergalactic space.

4.   The accelerated expansion of the intergalactic space recede the distant galaxies due to said mysterious influence.

5.   The galaxies at the edge of the visible universe observed to be receding faster than the light speed. Those galaxies are entering into invisible universe, so that light cannot reach us from such distance.

6.   The space, within the gravitationally bound cluster or super cluster of galaxies, does not expand.

7.   Some non-luminous non-interacting material appears to make up most of the mass of galaxies and galaxy clusters. 

 

#TheUniverse #Universe #MetricExpansion #Expansion #Inflation #VisibleUniverse #BigBang