Soumendra Nath Thakur | November 16, 2025
ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803
"Gravitational redshift is proximity-based and finite; cosmic redshift begins only when the photon exits all gravitational influence (rₘₐₓ), entering a region where the recession velocity of the cosmic medium exceeds its intrinsic propagation capacity, forcing energy expenditure and producing redshift."
Reference Gravitational Redshift:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/The_Photon_as_an_Extended_Classical_Mechanics_ECM_Postulate
In ECM, gravitational redshift stops when the photon reaches rₘₐₓ the ultimate limit of gravitational influence.
ECM Explanation of Cosmic redshift occurs only when the internal motion of the cosmic medium exceeds the intrinsic photon speed. The photon loses energy because the cosmic medium moves faster than the photon’s intrinsic propagation
- Photons inside a galaxy → no cosmological redshift.
- Photons crossing the galactic halo → still no cosmic redshift.
- Cosmic redshift starts only when the photon is completely outside the total gravitational domain of its galaxy + all gravitationally bound companion galaxies.
