07 October 2025

Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) -Adopted Definition of Space and Time:

Soumendra Nath Thakur | ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803 | Tagore's Electronic Lab, India.

October 07, 2025

ECM adopts three-dimensional Euclidian space and a hyperdimensional temporal extension to form a unified existential manifold, wherein space and time emerge interdependently from the evolution of physical existence.

In this framework, space represents the measurable extensions of existence—length, width, and depth—while time arises as a relational descriptor of sequential change, not as an independent dimension. The emergence of time began with the first existential event—the Big Bang—when both space and time originated as mutually dependent extensions describing the transformation of mass–energy within the universe.

Time in ECM is thus conceptual and derivative, representing the ordered progression of existential events within space rather than a standalone coordinate. The hyperdimensional extension of time expresses the meta-evolution of events governing all spatial changes, distinguishing cosmic evolution from localized temporal measurement.

Accordingly, standard clock time in ECM serves only as a reference of fixed oscillatory frequency, subject to distortion (Δt) under external conditions such as gravitational, energetic, or cosmological influences. Cosmic time, in contrast, expresses the cumulative distortion of existential order—the measurable degree of transformation from the universe’s initial ordered state toward increasing disorder.

Hence, ECM redefines the spacetime manifold not as a geometric continuum but as an existential framework where space quantifies physical extension and time quantifies the ordered change of existence within that extension.