12 December 2022
অ-মহাকর্ষীয় তরঙ্গ কণার ব্যাখ্যাকৃত পূর্বাভাস:
অ-মহাকর্ষীয় কর্মশক্তিপূর্ণ তরঙ্গ কণার গতিতে কোন সীমাবদ্ধতা নেই বলে মনে হয়, কারণ তাদের কার্যকর ভর শূন্য <0 এর কম হতে পারে, মনে হয় তারা আন্তঃগ্যালাকটিক মহাকাশে ইলেক্ট্রোম্যাগনেটিক বিকিরণের গতির চেয়ে দ্রুত গতিতে চলে।
যদি, আদৌ, এই ধরনের তরঙ্গ কণাগুলি মহাকর্ষীয়ভাবে আবদ্ধ হয়, তাহলে সর্বজনীন এককতার বিন্দুটি এমন অবস্থানগত বিন্দু হওয়া উচিত যেখানে সমগ্র বিশ্বজনীন ভর বিদ্যমান ছিল।
11 December 2022
Relationship among frequency, phase shift (in degree) and time period:
• The wave (electromagnetic wave carried by photon - gauge
boson) starts at the 0-degree phase (0 radians) and has no amplitude.
• The wave reaches positive peak amplitude at the 90-degree
phase (0.5π radians).
• The wave returns to its amplitude rest position at the 180-degree
phase (π radians).
• The wave reaches negative peak amplitude at the 270-degree
phase (1.5π radians)
• Finally, the wave reaches zero peak amplitude at the 360-degree phase (2π radians).
Frequency (f) is inversely proportional to the period of its oscillation i.e. f=1/T.
A complete cycle of wave (i.e. f=1Hz) consists of 360° of
phase.
=> 1° phase shift = T/360.
=> 90° phase shift = 90T/360.
=> 180° phase shift = 180T/360.
=> 270° phase shift = 270T/360.
=> 360° phase shift = T (=360T/360)
This means a complete cycle of wave (f= 1 Hz) has 360° of
its phase.
Time period (T) of a cycle (with 360° phase) of wave, when it's frequency f=1 Hz.
And therefore, 360° phase = T (period of the wave).
The limit in velocity of gravitationally bound objects according to Max Planck:
There is a certain speed limit to which gravitationally bound objects can travel.
However, such a constraint does not apply to metric expansion within intergalactic space affected by antigravity caused by dark energy; whose effective mass is less than zero (< 0).
Max Planck showed us that anything beyond the threshold frequency would become meaningless to us. The Planck length is the smallest possible length beyond which the application of known laws of physics becomes meaningless. So that the Planck length is the limit at which frequency wavelengths can be meaningful to us, but beyond that limit any information that the frequency carries will disappear to us.
Accordingly, the velocity of electromagnetic waves, or light, is equal to one Planck length per Planck time; the limit to which gravitationally bound objects can travel. This value is equal to c.
- Planck mass ~ 22 microgram.
- Planck time ~ 5.39×10^−44 s.
- Planck length ~ 1.61626×10^−35 m
- c =~3x10^8 m/s.
Thus, before relativity came into existence, Planck's law could have determined the speed limit of light.
10 December 2022
Effects of various influences in photon frequency:
- Max Planck proposed this equation E = h f. Plank’s constant describes the energy of a photon increases when the frequency of its electromagnetic wave increases by 1 SI time Unit.
- Time is called T, the period of oscillation, so that T = 2π/ω.
- The reciprocal of the period or, the frequency f, in oscillations per second, is given by f = E/h = 1/T = ω/2π = v/ λ.
- Time interval T(deg) for 1° of phase is inversely proportional to the frequency (f). We get a wave corresponding to the time shift. 1° phase shift on a 5 MHz wave corresponds to a time shift of 555 picoseconds (ps).
- The infinitesimal loss in wave energy (ΔE) due to various effects like gravitational, spatial expansion or Doppler, correspond to phase shifts of the wave in degree (°) resulting time shifts (Δt) and corresponding enlargement in the wavelength (Δλ) of the wave, this is how redshift occurs in general.
Effects of various influences in photon frequency:
i.Phase shift in photon wave frequency enlarges its wavelength; as photons expend energy leaving a gravitational well.
ii.Additionally, phase shift in photon wave frequency can also enlarge its wavelength; as the source of the photon receding another observing body.
iii.In addition to these effects, the phase shift in photon wave frequency can also enlarge its wavelength; when the metric distance between the photon source and its reception points expands.
iv.Finally, phase shift in photon wave frequency can also reduce its wavelength; when photon entering a gravitational field; but such reduction in wavelength is incidental and cease, wavelength restored on photon leaving that gravitational field, as such, red shift or blue shift can occur in the wavelengths of the photon wave depending upon its gravitational emission, recession, distance expansion or approaching and also temporary gravitational field interaction, only in the gravitational field interaction, such reduction of wavelength is temporary effective, leaves no after effect in original wavelength of the photon, these (shifts) are know as red shift or blue shift of wave oscillations of the photon,
v.Moreover, enlargement in photon wavelength corresponds to infinitesimal error in time reading of wave oscillation, wrongly known as time dilation.
However, in case of effective error in time of a photon entering gravitational field set to zero, as soon as a photon leaving such gravitational field, this means, as soon as a photon leaves a gravitational field of a massive body, it retains its own frequency, and since speed of photon is constant, temporary error caused in the phase shift of photon frequency get cancelled out, making the effective time error reset to zero.
The photon continues to carry relevant information in it since, it's carrying from its emission.
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