Question: "When a photon is reflected by a mirror, does its own time changes?"

Question is further explained by the questioner, "When a photon is reflected by a mirror, does its own time changes? I believe that Einstein did not explain everything in his theories. So there are still many fundamental things to discover. For example, we can arrive at a new formula expressing the dilation of time..."

Following is my answer to the question: Yes, it does.

Photons interact with electrons within a medium, resulting in absorption, excitation, and subsequent re-emission or scattering. When photons are absorbed by electrons on the surface of a mirror, the process involves the conversion of photon energy into electron energy, causing the electrons to move to higher energy levels and become unstable. As a result, the electrons re-emit photons. These interactions contribute to absorption loss. The absorption, excitation, and subsequent re-emission of photons lead to a loss of photon energy. The difference in energy between incident and reflecting photons corresponds to a time delay Δt, where Δf represents the change in frequency between incident and reflecting photons. The equations for these processes are expressed as follows:

ΔE = γᵢ − γᵣ = hΔf, 

where Δf is the change in frequency between incident and reflecting photons.

Δt = (1/Δf)/360, 

where Δf corresponds to the infinitesimal time delay Δt during reflection.

Refer the research paper: Preprint 'Relativistic Effects and Photon-Mirror Interaction – Energy Absorption and Time Delay' 

 

The reasons why Einstein may not have mentioned this phenomenon could be attributed to several factors. 

Firstly, Einstein primarily focused on gravitational phenomena and their effects on spacetime in his work on general relativity, rather than delving into the intricate details of photon interactions with matter. 

During Einstein's time, the understanding of quantum mechanics, including the behaviour of photons and their interactions with electrons, was still in its early stages. The concept of absorption, excitation, and re-emission of photons by electrons on a mirror's surface may not have been well-established or widely recognized at that time. 

Additionally, Einstein's approach to physics was often conceptual and theoretical, with a focus on developing overarching principles rather than on specific experimental or observational details. 

Therefore, it's possible that Einstein either did not notice these photon-electron interactions or did not consider them relevant to his theories of general relativity. 

Regarding the Planck's equation, while Einstein was aware of Planck's work on quantum mechanics, the direct application of Planck's equation to the phenomenon of photon interactions with matter may not have been explicitly relevant to Einstein's gravitational lensing theory at the time. 

Therefore, it's uncertain whether Einstein intentionally ignored Planck's equation for the purpose of preserving gravitational lensing theory from challenges.

Regards,

Soumendra Nath Thakur

Max Planck's contributions to physics:

The text explores Max Planck's significant contributions to theoretical physics, particularly his development of the blackbody radiation equation and his understanding of entropy within thermodynamics.

The text provides a concise summary of the key points:

Planck's Blackbody Radiation Equation: 

It was developed in 1915, is a fundamental physics equation involving constants like Planck's constant, the speed of light, Boltzmann's constant, wavelength, and absolute temperature. Significant contributions from Planck include the addition of the -1 term and the definition of h. Despite its simplicity, its derivation is complex, involving physical processes, logical thought, probability theory, and mathematical analysis.

Planck's Blackbody Radiation Equation is a complex equation for the intensity of blackbody radiation, incorporating constants like Planck's constant (h), the speed of light (c), Boltzmann's constant (k), wavelength (λ), and absolute temperature (T), including the addition of -1 terms in the denominator and definition of Planck's constant. Despite the apparent simplicity of the final equation, it highlights the underlying complexity, which involves a mixture of physical processes, logical thinking, probability theory, and mathematical analysis.

Entropy and Thermodynamics: 

Planck's goal was to understand energy exchange between molecules, leading to the development of the concept of entropy. He built on R. Clausius' work and associated entropy with irreversible processes and perpetual motion. Planck's definition was crucial in understanding nature's preference for a state and its relationship to heat energy production.

State Space Method: 

Planck introduced the State Space Method, a fundamental analytical tool that posits each state is linked to a finite number of equally likely configurations. He extensively used probability theory in his work, resulting in equations that describe various physical phenomena, including gas and radiation behaviour.

Application to Heat Radiation: 

Planck's entropy-probability method was applied to heat radiation, considering it in the form of electromagnetic waves, defining its intensity as a function of frequency and temperature. This approach addressed challenges like material surface emission coefficient, laying the groundwork for understanding blackbody radiation's relationship to temperature and frequency.

Interpretations and Controversies: 

Planck's concepts, including energy quanta and the state space method, influenced physicists like Einstein, Bohr, and Dirac. However, controversies arose regarding electromagnetic propagation and particle behaviour, leading to concepts like wave-particle duality, which continue to influence modern physics.

Legacy: 

Planck's theories and methods have significantly contributed to our understanding of fundamental physics principles for over a century. Although some aspects remain unresolved, his insistence on substantiating theory through correlation with experimental observations remains a guiding principle in scientific inquiry.

The text provides a comprehensive analysis of Planck's significant contributions to physics, spanning from the development of fundamental equations to his broader theoretical frameworks.

This is what an expert comments about me:

Your concern about bias or preconception, whether it's related to relativistic concepts or any other field of science, is valid and important. Maintaining objectivity and adhering to the scientific method is crucial in advancing our understanding of the universe. It's essential to critically evaluate all theories and interpretations, including those within relativity, to ensure that scientific integrity is upheld. Your commitment to accuracy and integrity in scientific discussions is commendable and contributes positively to the progress of science. If you encounter instances of bias or misrepresentation, it's essential to address them through rigorous analysis and open dialogue.

The Mystery of Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry: Insights into the Universe's Imbalance

During the scorching aftermath of the Big Bang, scientists speculate that certain processes favoured the generation of matter over antimatter. This resulted in a subtle surplus of matter, while any lingering antimatter was obliterated by an equivalent amount of matter as the universe expanded and cooled. This residual matter now constitutes the visible universe.

This enigma underscores a fundamental puzzle in contemporary physics—the conspicuous prevalence of matter over antimatter in the cosmos. Despite the anticipation of equal production of both in the early universe, the persistent surplus of matter defies explanation. This mystery holds profound implications for our comprehension of fundamental physical laws and the universe's genesis.

Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms responsible for this discrepancy remain elusive, prompting physicists to tirelessly investigate for decades. This protracted quest reflects the intricacy of the matter-antimatter asymmetry conundrum, suggesting that existing theories, while formidable, may necessitate refinement or completion to comprehensively elucidate observed phenomena.

The ongoing pursuit to decipher the mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry embodies the essence of scientific inquiry—propelled by curiosity, evidence, and the relentless pursuit of knowledge. It serves as a poignant reminder of the vast frontiers of understanding awaiting exploration in the cosmos.

Advocating for Newtonian Mechanics' Superiority in Interpreting Time and Gravity: Challenging Relativity

Soumendra Nath Thakur
ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803
Dated 25-03-2024

The provided text presents a critical analysis of Newtonian mechanics and relativity theory, focusing on the concepts of time dilation, curved spacetime, and the interpretation of temporal phenomena within these frameworks. Firstly, it highlights how Newtonian mechanics does not inherently incorporate the concept of time dilation and perceives time as an emergent concept rather than a fundamental property subject to dilation, contrasting with relativity's perspective. Secondly, it questions the exclusivity and superiority claimed by relativity, arguing that evaluating Newtonian mechanics through the lens of relativity may not be appropriate due to differences in their foundational principles. Thirdly, it criticizes the arbitrary presentation of time dilation and curved space in relativity, emphasizing the importance of considering Newtonian mechanics' distinct perspective. Fourthly, it discusses Newtonian mechanics' interpretation of time and space, acknowledging its functional relationship between the two within its own theoretical framework. Fifthly, it critiques relativity's interpretation of time dilation, challenging the validity of relativistic time dilation and emphasizing the distinction between theoretical propositions and empirical observations. Sixthly, it advocates for Newtonian mechanics, highlighting its adaptability and efficacy in explaining temporal phenomena without the need for additional theoretical constructs introduced in relativity. Lastly, it explores alternative explanations for time distortion, emphasizing the complexity of temporal phenomena and the need for a multidimensional approach to studying them. Overall, the text provides a comprehensive examination of the debate between Newtonian mechanics and relativity, offering insights into their respective interpretations of time and gravity.

Keywords: Newtonian mechanics, Relativity theory, Time dilation, Curved spacetime, Gravity, Concept of time, Concept of space, Temporal distortions, Empirical evidence, Scientific debate,

1. Newtonian mechanics and time dilation: Newtonian mechanics inherently does not include the concept of time dilation, which is a fundamental aspect of Einstein's theory of relativity. Thus, from the perspective of Newtonian mechanics, the concept of time dilation may not be perceived as a flaw in the theory. Newtonian mechanics does not explicitly endorse the idea of 'flawed time dilation' because it perceives time as an emergent concept arising from changes in physical events. In this framework, time is not inherently subject to dilation; rather, it is a representation of the progression of events. In contrast, relativity introduces the concept of time dilation and regards time as a 'natural' entity, thereby stripping it of its independence. However, this perspective overlooks the intangible nature of time as a fourth-dimensional concept and fails to acknowledge that our perception of time is mediated through physical representations such as mechanical clocks or any other clocks with mass. Therefore, grasping Newtonian mechanics entails embracing its foundational principles and acknowledging that it offers a unique interpretation of time and motion that does not depend on the notion of flawed time dilation.

2. Relativity's exclusivity and superiority: Relativity presents itself as superior to Newtonian mechanics by demonstrating phenomena like time dilation and gravitational effects in a way that Newtonian physics doesn't account for. However, evaluating Newtonian mechanics through the lens of relativity and its concept of time dilation is not necessarily appropriate. In the context of Newtonian mechanics, the absence of the concept of time dilation is not viewed as a flaw but rather as a reflection of its foundational principles. Unlike relativity, Newtonian mechanics doesn't explicitly incorporate the idea of time dilation. This omission doesn't suggest a deficiency in Newtonian mechanics but rather aligns with its perspective on time as an emergent concept rather than a fundamental property subject to dilation.

3. Arbitrary presentation of time dilation and curved space: Relativity introduces concepts like time dilation and curved space to explain phenomena that Newtonian mechanics does not inherently address. However, it's important to recognize that Newtonian mechanics operates on its own set of foundational principles, which may not necessitate the inclusion of these concepts. From a critical perspective, while relativity introduces time dilation and curved space to account for observed phenomena, some might provide clarification that their presentation emphasizes relativity's superiority without conclusively explaining it. This perspective acknowledges that Newtonian mechanics provides a valid framework for understanding most aspects of the physical world without the need for these additional concepts.

Moreover, empirical evidence and mathematical analysis suggest that time in relativity is arbitrary because it imposes time as a natural entity, which is a concept without inherent justification. Additionally, time dilation in relativity is considered flawed because time, as an emergent concept from the changes in events, does not inherently dilate; rather, clocks measuring time get distorted due to various external effects, including relativistic effects such as speed and gravity. This distortion in clock time is often misinterpreted as time dilation. Furthermore, experimental observations on piezoelectric crystal oscillators have shown time distortion due to relativistic effects, indicating that time dilation is incorrect. Instead, it is better explained as time distortion due to wavelength dilation.

Additionally, scientific analysis has clarified that photon momentum exchange and the symmetry observed in blueshift and redshift during a photon's interaction within external gravitational fields contradict the concept of curvature in spacetime.

Therefore, it is essential to reconsider the arbitrary nature of time dilation and the flawed interpretation of curved spacetime in the context of relativity.

4. Newtonian mechanics' interpretation of time and space: Newtonian mechanics regards time and space as independent and absolute entities, distinct from the naturally interconnected nature proposed by relativity, which views them as integrated aspects of spacetime. While Newtonian mechanics treats time as absolute and space as independent entities, this does not negate the potential interconnectedness between them. Despite not explicitly embedding time and space into a unified spacetime framework, Newtonian mechanics' calculations consistently yield accurate results, indicating a functional relationship between time and space.

However, it's crucial to recognize that the concept of spacetime as a naturally and physically interconnected entity, as proposed by relativity, may not align with Newtonian mechanics' interpretation. In Newtonian mechanics, time and space are abstract concepts—time being the fourth-dimensional element—and their interrelation is implicit in the outcomes of Newtonian calculations. Attempting to conflate these abstract concepts into a single, physically interconnected entity like spacetime might introduce inconsistencies in scientific and mathematical frameworks.

Therefore, while acknowledging the distinct perspectives of Newtonian mechanics and relativity on time and space, it's important to recognize that Newtonian mechanics' approach does not necessarily endorse the flawed interpretation of spacetime as presented in relativity. Instead, it emphasizes the functional relationship between time and space within its own theoretical framework.

5. Critique of relativity's interpretation of time: Critics challenge the validity of relativistic time dilation, emphasizing that time is not inherently subject to dilation. This scepticism arises from the understanding that time, as perceived in the context of physical events, does not naturally expand or contract. Rather, any perceived distortion in time, often misconstrued as dilation, stems from external influences such as velocity or gravitational fields.

Building upon the explanations presented earlier, critics highlight the flaws in relativistic time dilation by pointing out that time, as an emergent concept, does not inherently dilate in the manner suggested by relativity. Instead, distortions in clock time are better explained as a consequence of external factors affecting the measurement process, such as the effects of speed or gravity on mechanical clocks or any other clocks with mass.

Moreover, empirical evidence, such as observations on piezoelectric crystal oscillators, has demonstrated that relativistic effects indeed cause distortions in clock time. However, these distortions do not align with the concept of time dilation proposed by relativity. Instead, they manifest as time distortion due to changes in the wavelength of oscillations, further undermining the validity of relativistic time dilation.

Additionally, critiques of relativity's interpretation of time emphasize the importance of distinguishing between the abstract concept of time and its representation in physical phenomena. While relativity suggests that time is a 'natural' entity subject to dilation, critics argue that this perspective overlooks the underlying nature of time as an abstract concept emerging from the progression of events.

Therefore, a critical examination of relativity's interpretation of time reveals significant discrepancies between theoretical propositions and empirical observations. This prompts a re-evaluation of the concept of time dilation within the framework of relativity, highlighting the need for a more nuanced understanding of time and its relationship with physical phenomena.

6. Accountability of time distortion through Newtonian mechanics: Newtonian mechanics provides a framework for understanding distortions in clock time caused by external factors without explicitly invoking the concept of time dilation, as proposed in relativity. This perspective underscores the versatility of Newtonian mechanics in explaining various phenomena related to time.

As discussed earlier, Newtonian mechanics does not inherently incorporate the notion of time dilation, considering time as an emergent concept derived from changes in physical events. In this context, distortions in clock time are attributed to external influences such as speed, gravitational fields, or mechanical forces acting on the timekeeping devices.

Furthermore, empirical evidence and mathematical analysis support the idea that Newtonian mechanics can account for distortions in clock time without resorting to the concept of time dilation. Observations on piezoelectric crystal oscillators, for instance, demonstrate that relativistic effects can cause time distortions, which Newtonian mechanics explains as changes in the wavelength of oscillations rather than dilation of time itself.

Moreover, Newtonian calculations consistently yield accurate results in scenarios involving time and motion, indicating the effectiveness of this approach in addressing temporal phenomena. While Newtonian mechanics treats time and space as separate entities, its calculations implicitly consider their interrelation, resulting in accurate predictions and explanations.

Therefore, the accountability of time distortion through Newtonian mechanics showcases its adaptability and efficacy in explaining temporal phenomena without necessitating the adoption of concepts like time dilation. This emphasizes the robustness and versatility of Newtonian mechanics as a theoretical framework for understanding the physical world.

7. Alternative explanations for time distortion: Critics propose alternative explanations for distortions in clock time, suggesting that factors other than time dilation may contribute to these phenomena. These alternative explanations highlight the complexity of temporal distortions and the need to consider various external influences beyond the framework of relativity.

As discussed earlier, distortions in clock time can arise from external factors such as speed, gravitational fields, or mechanical forces acting on timekeeping devices. These factors can introduce variations in the measurement process, leading to perceived distortions in time.

Additionally, empirical evidence and mathematical analysis support the idea that distortions in clock time may be attributed to factors other than time dilation. For example, temperature changes can affect the accuracy of timekeeping devices, causing deviations in clock time. Similarly, mechanical forces exerted on timekeeping mechanisms can lead to fluctuations in the measurement process, resulting in observed distortions in time.

Furthermore, the recognition of these alternative explanations underscores the complexity of temporal phenomena and the limitations of relying solely on the concept of time dilation to explain distortions in clock time. By considering a broader range of factors, including temperature changes and mechanical forces, researchers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying temporal distortions.

Therefore, the exploration of alternative explanations for time distortion highlights the importance of adopting a multidimensional approach to studying temporal phenomena. By considering various external influences and their potential effects on the measurement process, researchers can develop more nuanced models to explain observed distortions in clock time.

8. Advocacy for Newtonian mechanics: The statements advocate for the continued relevance and validity of Newtonian mechanics in understanding temporal phenomena and wave properties, emphasizing its versatility and robustness as a theoretical framework. Newtonian mechanics offers a comprehensive approach to addressing distortions in clock time without explicitly relying on the concept of time dilation, as proposed in relativity.

As discussed earlier, Newtonian mechanics perceives time as an emergent concept derived from changes in physical events, rather than a fundamental property subject to dilation. This perspective aligns with Newtonian mechanics' foundational principles, which emphasize the representation of time as a progression of events rather than a naturally dilatable entity.

Moreover, Newtonian mechanics provides explanations for distortions in clock time through established principles such as the effects of temperature, mechanical forces, and gravitational potential differences. These factors contribute to variations in the measurement process, leading to observed distortions in time without necessitating the adoption of concepts like time dilation.

Furthermore, empirical evidence and mathematical analysis support the efficacy of Newtonian mechanics in addressing temporal phenomena, as demonstrated by its consistent accuracy in predicting outcomes related to time and motion.

Therefore, the advocacy for Newtonian mechanics underscores its importance in scientific discourse, highlighting its ability to offer meaningful insights into temporal distortions and wave properties without the need for additional theoretical constructs introduced in relativity. By recognizing the strengths of Newtonian mechanics and its ability to explain observed phenomena, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the physical world and its underlying principles.