Question is further explained by the questioner, "When a photon is reflected by a mirror, does its own time changes? I believe that Einstein did not explain everything in his theories. So there are still many fundamental things to discover. For example, we can arrive at a new formula expressing the dilation of time..."
Following is my answer to the question: Yes, it does.
Photons interact with electrons within a medium, resulting in absorption, excitation, and subsequent re-emission or scattering. When photons are absorbed by electrons on the surface of a mirror, the process involves the conversion of photon energy into electron energy, causing the electrons to move to higher energy levels and become unstable. As a result, the electrons re-emit photons. These interactions contribute to absorption loss. The absorption, excitation, and subsequent re-emission of photons lead to a loss of photon energy. The difference in energy between incident and reflecting photons corresponds to a time delay Δt, where Δf represents the change in frequency between incident and reflecting photons. The equations for these processes are expressed as follows:
ΔE = γᵢ − γᵣ = hΔf,
where Δf is the change in frequency between incident and reflecting photons.
Δt = (1/Δf)/360,
where Δf corresponds to the infinitesimal time delay Δt during reflection.
Refer the research paper: Preprint 'Relativistic Effects and Photon-Mirror Interaction – Energy Absorption and Time Delay'
The reasons why Einstein may not have mentioned this phenomenon could be attributed to several factors.
Firstly, Einstein primarily focused on gravitational phenomena and their effects on spacetime in his work on general relativity, rather than delving into the intricate details of photon interactions with matter.
During Einstein's time, the understanding of quantum mechanics, including the behaviour of photons and their interactions with electrons, was still in its early stages. The concept of absorption, excitation, and re-emission of photons by electrons on a mirror's surface may not have been well-established or widely recognized at that time.
Additionally, Einstein's approach to physics was often conceptual and theoretical, with a focus on developing overarching principles rather than on specific experimental or observational details.
Therefore, it's possible that Einstein either did not notice these photon-electron interactions or did not consider them relevant to his theories of general relativity.
Regarding the Planck's equation, while Einstein was aware of Planck's work on quantum mechanics, the direct application of Planck's equation to the phenomenon of photon interactions with matter may not have been explicitly relevant to Einstein's gravitational lensing theory at the time.
Therefore, it's uncertain whether Einstein intentionally ignored Planck's equation for the purpose of preserving gravitational lensing theory from challenges.
Regards,
Soumendra Nath Thakur
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