Mechanical Stress Due To Gravity:

Actually, the delay in relative time (so called time dilation) causes due to the "wavelength dilation" of the mass-frequency in a fast moving state or in gravitational difference, it is not due to the dilation of time but wavelength dilation of the mass-frequency. General relativity too accepts this... 

 

In General Relativity gravitational redshift is the phenomenon in which electromagnetic waves or photons travelling out of a gravitational well will lose energy, resulting the photon's longer wavelength affected by the gravity. 

 

Therefore, the gravity will apply a mechanical stress to the fast moving mass-frequency by affecting its frequency causing longer wavelength, so the fast moving body (mass-frequency), or the body (mass-frequency) in gravitational difference, will be slightly behind the clock on the ground due to the longer wavelength affected by the gravity and, not for a dilation of time in question.

 

Besides, time does not have frequency; so wavelength dilation is not possible with time.

 

Explanation:

  

That considering an experiment that uses two identical crystal oscillator electronic clocks, set exactly to the same time, one clock stayed on Earth, while the other flew in an airplane. The crystal oscillators has been used in the clocks so that crystal oscillators have much better frequency stability than mechanical clocks and any effect in its signal characteristics can easily be determined. 

Frequency is related to energy (E) as in the Planck's equation E=hv, where v=frequency (Hz) and h=6.626 07015 x 10^-34 J Hz^-1 represents relationship between energy and frequency, where 'h' is plank’s constant. And, energy 'E' is equivalent to mass 'm' as in the Einstein's theory of special relativity E=mc². 

Therefore, combining these above two equations we get energy-mass (m) is related to frequency of the wave the energy-mass ('f' in Hz or 'v' s^–1 in Hz).

• Frequency 'f' or 'v' of the wave is inversely proportional to the wavelength λ (Lambda), whereas, 'c' and 'h' both are constant in respective equations relevant. --> 'f'∝1/λ or, 'v'∝1/λ{Equation No....  (1)}

• 'f' or 'v' of the wave too is inversely proportional to time period 'T' s (second). --> 'f'∝1/T or, 'v'∝1/T {Equation No....  (2)}

The derived equation from the combination of the above said equations, the frequency (v;f) of mass-energy if somehow gets changed due to the effect of relative gravity or relative speed, then the wavelength (λ) of that mass-energy would also change. 

So this would be the main consideration in the following steps.

• The wavelength (λ) of that mass-energy is directly proportional to the time period (T) of the wave. --> λ∝T {Equation No....  (3)}

In the experiments, it is observed that the time interval for 1° of phase is inversely proportional to the frequency. If the frequency of a wave is given by ‘f’, then the time t_deg (in seconds) corresponding to 1° of phase is

• t_deg = 1 / (360f) = T / 360.                                    {Equation No....  (4)}

Therefore, a 1° phase shift on a 5 MHz wave corresponds to a time shift of 555 picoseconds.

• The maximum frequency of visible light (f) =7.5 x 10¹⁴ Hz, its wavelength (λ) = 400 manometer, and its velocity v=c=3 x 10¹⁰ cm/s.  Einstein's theory of special relativity sets the absolute speed limit at which a wave can travel, which is the speed of light (c) is equal to 3 x 10¹⁰ cm/s. 
• The maximum frequency of Gamma-rays (f) = 10²⁴ Hz, its wavelength (λ) = <10^-12 (i.e., <0.01 nanometres), and its velocity too (v) = 3 x 10¹⁰ cm/s.

However, Planck's equation E=hv, represents relationship between energy and frequency, where 'h' is Plank's constant, as such even in absence of speed (speed as shown in the theory of special relativity E = mc²) unknown  for such frequencies of said clock under

consideration, we can easily go ahead with such frequencies of the energy and determine respective frequencies between the clock on Earth and the other clock that flew in an airplane in  their relative locations so that the frequency differences would enable us to determine their relative time, of course due to the varied effect of gravity or considerable relative speed. Consider above Equation No....  (2), (3) & (4).

Moreover, in general relativity gravitational red-shift (also known as Einstein shift), is the phenomenon in which electromagnetic waves or photons travelling out of a gravitational well will lose energy resulting the photon's longer wavelength affecting by the gravity. This gravitational red-shift supports wavelength dilation of the wave of the mass-frequency of a body under consideration.

Therefore, the gravity will apply a mechanical stress to the fast moving crystal by affecting its frequency causing longer wavelength, so the clock on the fast moving airplane will be slightly behind the clock on the ground as the mechanical stress on the ground is higher on the bodies than the bodies farther above.

This delay in time (known as time dilation) actually caused due to the wavelength dilation of the clock frequency in the clock on the fast moving airplane.

Note: What actually happened in the experiment as can be seen in the relationship λ∝T. The experiment actually considered dilated wavelength and not dilated time. If the experiment is considered that it observed dilation of time then it will violate fundamental properties of time. It rather miscalculated T instead of λ, because by appropriately changing either of the value of λ or even the value of T, one will get same result. But the illegality would be considering T as gravity affected factor instead of appropriately considering λ as the gravity affecting factor. A λ can be influence by gravity and change its wavelength but none can change T with the effect of gravity as time is not something changeable by any external influence or interaction unless such changes is in the structure of the events itself, then only time comes into a relative consideration with the changeable events. Time does not participate in any eventual act rather time tracks changes in the events. So a question of changing time is not only absurd but is illegal too as per valid definition and properties of time. Time dilation necessarily needs to be wavelength dilation, when λ∝T comes in to the consideration.

 

#AbsoluteTime #AbstractMathematics #AbstractScience #EnergyFrequency #EnergyFrequencyInteraction #EnergyGravityInteraction #EnergyMass #Frequency #FrequencyGravityInteraction #GeneralRelativity #GravitationalRedShift #Gravity #Mass #MassGravityInteraction #MechanicalStress #OriginPoint #PlankEquation #PlanksEquation #Reality #Redshift #RelativeTime #Space #SpecialRelativity #Time #TimeDilation #Wavelength #WavelengthDilation

Character of time:

Soumendra Nath Thakur

ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803

Tagore's Electronic Lab, India

postmasterenator@gmail.com / postmasterenator@telitnetwork.in

06 July 2021

Do we not, in essence, measure eventual changes through the scale of time? Do we not regard the age of the Universe as something that has evolved through successive events measured along this scale, thereby arriving at what we call its absolute age? These are, in truth, statements rather than questions.

"Time is defined as the indefinite and continuous progression of existence and events—encompassing past, present, and future as a unified whole—and is characterized by its irreversible nature."

The concept of time may not have originated solely from cosmological bodies; rather, its necessity is equally evident in everyday human life. The need for time could have emerged locally, arising from the continuous flow of events that compel us to conceptualize and track them. In this sense, time is a conceptual uniform scale devised to monitor events within existence, integrating past, present, and future into a coherent framework. Time derives its significance from events; without events, time holds no meaning. Thus, events constitute the physical reality being observed, clocks provide the means of standardized measurement, and time serves as the conceptual framework that relates the two.

Spatial progression—events occurring across dimensions of height, depth, and width—requires a means of tracking that remains independent of those spatial dimensions. For this reason, time is often conceptualized as associated with a fourth dimension—not as a physically separate spatial direction, but as an abstract, non-spatial parameter that enables the consistent tracking of three-dimensional existence and events. Thus, time may be regarded as a human-constructed concept, prevailing in an imperceptible fourth-dimensional description, and referenced through standardized, constant-frequency local oscillatory systems (clocks), such that its “progression at a constant rate” reflects a uniform method of measurement rather than a physically ticking universal entity.

The constancy of time is inevitable, because no variable can be meaningfully determined without a constant reference. Here, this constancy refers to the necessity of a stable reference scale (as provided by clocks), rather than implying that time exists as an independently constant physical entity. In this framework, events are variables, while time serves as the reference scale.

For example, in a digital clock, a crystal oscillator and the displayed digits form two independent sections of the electronic system. The crystal provides a constant oscillatory reference, while the rest of the circuit measures and displays time relative to this oscillation. Accurate and synchronized timekeeping thus emerges from this interaction between a constant reference and measured variation.

Not only present events, but also past and future events, must be considered within this framework of variability. Therefore, time, as the reference, must remain constant in character. This constancy is methodological: the reference scale remains uniform, even though measurements may differ. While segments or “slices” of time may exhibit differing values depending on relative conditions or locations, such differences arise from the comparison of events through local measurement systems, not from any variation in time as an independent entity. The fundamental reference—time as a conceptual scale—remains invariant. This allows for differences in measured time between distinct celestial objects.

Future events are not part of present measurements, yet they inevitably become part of the continuum of universal events. There can be no exception to this progression. Accordingly, time represents the conceptual framework through which the continuous advancement of existence is measured and understood across past, present, and future.

Wavelength Dilation:

That considering an experiment that uses two identical crystal oscillator electronic clocks, set exactly to the same time, one clock stayed on Earth, while the other flew in an airplane. The crystal oscillators has been used in the clocks so that crystal oscillators have much better frequency stability than mechanical clocks and any effect in its signal characteristics can easily be determined.

Frequency is related to energy (E) as in the Planck's equation E=hv, where v=frequency (Hz) and h=6.626 070 15 x 10^-34 J Hz^-1 represents relationship between energy and frequency, where 'h' is plank’s constant. And, energy 'E' is equivalent to mass 'm' as in the Einstein's theory of special relativity E=mc². 

Therefore, combining these above two equations we get energy-mass (m) is related to frequency of the wave the energy-mass ('f' in Hz or 'v' s^–1 in Hz).

• Frequency 'f' or 'v' of the wave is inversely proportional to the wavelength λ (Lambda), whereas, 'c' and 'h' both are constant in respective equations relevant. --> 'f'∝1/λ or, 'v'∝1/λ  {Equation No....  (1)}

• 'f' or 'v' of the wave too is inversely proportional to time period 'T' s (second). --> 'f'∝1/T or, 'v'∝1/T     {Equation No....  (2)}

The derived equation from the combination of the above said equations, the frequency (v;f) of mass-energy if somehow gets changed due to the effect of relative gravity or relative speed, then the wavelength (λ) of that mass-energy would also change. 

So this would be the main consideration in the following steps.

• The wavelength (λ) of that mass-energy is directly proportional to the time period (T) of the wave. --> λ∝T {Equation No....  (3)}

In the experiments, it is observed that the time interval for 1° of phase is inversely proportional to the frequency. If the frequency of a wave is given by ‘f’, then the time t_deg (in seconds) corresponding to 1° of phase is

• t_deg = 1 / (360f) = T / 360.                                    {Equation No....  (4)}

Therefore, a 1° phase shift on a 5 MHz wave corresponds to a time shift of 555 picoseconds.

• The maximum frequency of visible light (f) =7.5 x 10¹⁴ Hz, its wavelength (λ) = 400 manometer, and its velocity v=c=3 x 10¹⁰ cm/s.  Einstein's theory of special relativity sets the absolute speed limit at which a wave can travel, which is the speed of light (c) is equal to 3 x 10¹⁰ cm/s. 
• The maximum frequency of Gamma-rays (f) = 10²⁴ Hz, its wavelength (λ) = <10^-12 (i.e., <0.01 nanometres), and its velocity too (v) = 3 x 10¹⁰ cm/s.

However, Planck's equation E=hv, represents relationship between energy and frequency, where 'h' is Plank's constant, as such even in absence of speed (speed as shown in the theory of special relativity E = mc²) unknown  for such frequencies of said clock under consideration, we can easily go ahead with such frequencies of the energy and determine respective frequencies between the clock on Earth and the other clock that flew in an airplane in  their relative locations so that the frequency differences would enable us to determine their relative time, of course due to the varied effect of gravity or considerable relative speed. Consider above Equation No....  (2), (3) & (4).

Moreover, in general relativity gravitational red-shift (also known as Einstein shift), is the phenomenon in which electromagnetic waves or photons travelling out of a gravitational well will lose energy resulting the photon's longer wavelength affecting by the gravity. This gravitational red-shift supports wavelength dilation of the wave of the mass-frequency of a body under consideration.

Therefore, the gravity will apply a mechanical stress to the fast moving crystal by affecting its frequency causing longer wavelength, so the clock on the fast moving airplane will be slightly behind the clock on the ground as the mechanical stress on the ground is higher on the bodies than the bodies farther above.

This delay in time (known as time dilation) actually caused due to the wavelength dilation of the clock frequency in the clock on the fast moving airplane.

Note: What actually happened in the experiment as can be seen in the relationship λ∝T. The experiment actually considered dilated wavelength and not dilated time. If the experiment is considered that it observed dilation of time then it will violate fundamental properties of time. It rather miscalculated T instead of λ, because by appropriately changing either of the value of λ or even the value of T, one will get same result. But the illegality would be considering T as gravity affected factor instead of appropriately considering λ as the gravity affecting factor. A λ can be influence by gravity and change its wavelength but none can change T with the effect of  gravity as time is not something changeable by any external influence or interaction unless such changes is in the structure of the events itself, then only time comes into a relative consideration with the changeable events. Time does not participate in any eventual act rather time tracks changes in the events. So a question of changing time is not only absurd but is illegal too as per valid definition and properties of time. Time dilation necessarily needs to be wavelength dilation, when λ∝T comes in to the consideration.

#AbsoluteTime #AbstractMathematics #AbstractScience #EnergyFrequency #EnergyFrequencyInteraction #EnergyGravityInteraction #EnergyMass #Frequency #FrequencyGravityInteraction #GeneralRelativity #GravitationalRedShift #Gravity #Mass #MassGravityInteraction #MechanicalStress #OriginPoint #PlankEquation #PlanksEquation #Reality #Redshift #RelativeTime #Space #SpecialRelativity #Time #TimeDilation #Wavelength #WavelengthDilation