06 July 2021

Character of time:

Soumendra Nath Thakur
ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803
Tagore's Electronic Lab, India
postmasterenator@gmail.com / postmasterenator@telitnetwork.in

06 July 2021

Do we not, in essence, measure eventual changes through the scale of time? Do we not regard the age of the Universe as something that has evolved through successive events measured along this scale, thereby arriving at what we call its absolute age? These are, in truth, statements rather than questions.

"Time is defined as the indefinite and continuous progression of existence and events—encompassing past, present, and future as a unified whole—and is characterized by its irreversible nature."

The concept of time may not have originated solely from cosmological bodies; rather, its necessity is equally evident in everyday human life. The need for time could have emerged locally, arising from the continuous flow of events that compel us to conceptualize and track them. In this sense, time is a conceptual uniform scale devised to monitor events within existence, integrating past, present, and future into a coherent framework. Time derives its significance from events; without events, time holds no meaning. Thus, events constitute the physical reality being observed, clocks provide the means of standardized measurement, and time serves as the conceptual framework that relates the two.

Spatial progression—events occurring across dimensions of height, depth, and width—requires a means of tracking that remains independent of those spatial dimensions. For this reason, time is often conceptualized as associated with a fourth dimension—not as a physically separate spatial direction, but as an abstract, non-spatial parameter that enables the consistent tracking of three-dimensional existence and events. Thus, time may be regarded as a human-constructed concept, prevailing in an imperceptible fourth-dimensional description, and referenced through standardized, constant-frequency local oscillatory systems (clocks), such that its “progression at a constant rate” reflects a uniform method of measurement rather than a physically ticking universal entity.

The constancy of time is inevitable, because no variable can be meaningfully determined without a constant reference. Here, this constancy refers to the necessity of a stable reference scale (as provided by clocks), rather than implying that time exists as an independently constant physical entity. In this framework, events are variables, while time serves as the reference scale.

For example, in a digital clock, a crystal oscillator and the displayed digits form two independent sections of the electronic system. The crystal provides a constant oscillatory reference, while the rest of the circuit measures and displays time relative to this oscillation. Accurate and synchronized timekeeping thus emerges from this interaction between a constant reference and measured variation.

Not only present events, but also past and future events, must be considered within this framework of variability. Therefore, time, as the reference, must remain constant in character. This constancy is methodological: the reference scale remains uniform, even though measurements may differ. While segments or “slices” of time may exhibit differing values depending on relative conditions or locations, such differences arise from the comparison of events through local measurement systems, not from any variation in time as an independent entity. The fundamental reference—time as a conceptual scale—remains invariant. This allows for differences in measured time between distinct celestial objects.

Future events are not part of present measurements, yet they inevitably become part of the continuum of universal events. There can be no exception to this progression. Accordingly, time represents the conceptual framework through which the continuous advancement of existence is measured and understood across past, present, and future.


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