Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) and the Classification of Cosmological Models Beyond Singular and Eternal Universe Frameworks

February 10, 2026
Soumendra Nath Thakur, 
Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM)Research & Development Framework.

Conventional cosmological models are commonly classified into two broad categories:

(1) eternal cyclic universes that persist indefinitely through mechanical recycling of matter and energy, and

(2) finite-duration universes that evolve between singular boundary events such as Big Bangs or Big Crunches.

Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) does not belong to either category.

ECM replaces both singular origin assumptions and perpetual material recycling with a transformation-governed emergence framework. In this model, the universe is not an eternally existing physical object, nor a system evolving from one singularity to another. Instead, physical reality repeatedly manifests through frequency-governed normalization of mass–energy from prior unmanifested energetic states.

In ECM, gravitation, kinetic emergence, and mass redistribution arise intrinsically from entropic-frequency transformations rather than from conserved mechanical circulation of matter. Physical existence itself is phase-emergent, occurring in successive aeons governed by stabilization processes rather than by infinite continuity.

Because ECM does not assume eternally persistent physical matter, it does not require auxiliary mechanisms such as perpetual stellar fuel recycling or black hole disintegration to preserve cosmological eternity. These requirements arise only within models that presuppose uninterrupted material existence.

Conclusion

Extended Classical Mechanics introduces a third cosmological class: phase-emergent universes, where physical reality repeatedly arises through continuous transformation rather than singular creation or eternal mechanical recycling.

By replacing singularities with normalization processes and replacing eternal physicality with governed emergence, ECM provides a structurally consistent alternative framework for understanding cosmic origin, evolution, and manifestation.