Soumendra Nath Thakur | August 13, 2025
The insistence that photons have m = 0 and that ECM’s treatment of photon mass as > 0 or −Mᵃᵖᵖ is “wrong” is based on outdated assumptions rather than a consistent application of physics. In ECM,
F = (Mᴍ − Mᵃᵖᵖ) aᵉᶠᶠ
applies universally. Dismissing it without understanding its derivation is not a rebuttal — it is a refusal to engage with the framework.
The claim that F = ma “does not apply” at the speed of light is also incorrect. ECM uses:
F = Mᵉᶠᶠ aᵉᶠᶠ
with photons having Mᵉᶠᶠ = −2Mᵃᵖᵖ immediately after emission, transitioning to Mᵉᶠᶠ = −Mᵃᵖᵖ beyond the source’s gravitational influence. This is fully consistent and requires no m = 0 assumption.
The problem with this position is straightforward:
• It conflates massive-particle kinematics with dynamic-particle kinematics.
• It retains the massless-photon assumption, which collapses under basic force–acceleration logic.
ECM resolves this by treating −Mᵃᵖᵖ as an emergent, motion-dependent property — not a rest mass. This eliminates the contradictions of “true negative mass” in other theories and provides a self-contained, polarity-based explanation for photon propagation.
Before debating ECM, one must address the fact that under the m = 0 assumption:
F = 0 × a = 0
— meaning the photon cannot even move from emission to detection without an ad hoc “instant velocity” insertion. That alone indicates the model is incomplete.
If ECM is to be dismissed, the challenger must present a mathematically consistent alternative that explains photon propagation without m = 0 — and without contradicting its own force laws.
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