16 May 2025

Dual Manifestations of Electron Displacement in ECM: Holes and Photons

May 16, 2025

In the framework of Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM), photons and holes are proposed as dual manifestations of electron displacement, unifying kinetic energy exchange and apparent mass dynamics. When an electron moves, it not only generates a propagating photon (carrying kinetic energy with negative apparent mass) but also leaves behind a localized "hole," a deficit of mass-energy equilibrium, also exhibiting negative apparent mass. This framework interprets kinetic energy as a directional quantity embedded within mass relations, rather than an abstract scalar. 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20536.87041

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