Holes and Photons as Dual Manifestations of Electron Displacement.

Soumendra Nath Thakur

May 24, 2005

In Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM), photons and holes are proposed as dual manifestations of electron displacement. This means that both phenomena are different ways of understanding the effects of an electron moving from one location to another, whether that movement is through a change in energy level, conductive drift, or field interaction. Specifically, photons represent the released kinetic energy, while holes represent a localized deficit of mass-energy equilibrium, both characterized by negative apparent mass.

Here's a breakdown:

1. Electron Displacement and its Energetic Consequences:

·         When an electron changes its state, it can either absorb or emit energy in the form of a photon. This is a fundamental aspect of how electrons interact with electromagnetic fields and other atoms in materials.

·         The displacement of an electron can also lead to the creation of a hole, which is a vacant electron energy state. Holes behave as if they have a positive charge, moving in the opposite direction to electrons.

2. Photons as Carriers of Released Kinetic Energy:

·         In ECM, photons are viewed not just as packets of electromagnetic radiation, but also as carriers of kinetic energy released during electron transitions.

·         This energy can be transferred to other systems, causing them to change their state or move.

3. Holes as Localized Deficits of Mass-Energy Equilibrium:

·         When an electron moves, it leaves behind a "vacancy" or hole.

·         This hole is not a physical particle, but rather a manifestation of a localized deficit of mass-energy equilibrium.

·         The presence of a hole affects the overall system's energy and apparent mass.

4. Unifying Kinetic Energy Exchange and Apparent Mass:

·         By linking photons and holes as dual manifestations of electron displacement, ECM aims to unify the concepts of kinetic energy exchange and apparent mass dynamics.

·         This means that the seemingly separate phenomena of electron movement, photon emission/absorption, and hole creation can be understood within a single framework.

5. Implications for Solid-State Physics and Beyond:

·         This perspective has implications for understanding various solid-state phenomena, such as semiconductor behaviour, electrical conduction, and the behaviour of materials in electric and magnetic fields.

·         It also has potential applications in areas like quantum computing and advanced materials science.

Reference:

Thakur, S. N. (2025). Holes and photons as dual manifestations of electron displacement in extended classical mechanics: In ResearchGate [Journal-article]. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20536.87041

ECM Interpretation of the Components in Decomposed Energy

May 23, 2025

In Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM), the total energy of a particle in motion is decomposed into two structurally distinct components: potential energy arising from matter mass (Mᴍ​), and kinetic energy arising from the displacement of apparent mass (−Mᵃᵖᵖ​). This dual-mass framework allows ECM to represent all particle dynamics—including massless and massive states—with classical mass-energy logic.

ECM Total Energy Decomposition Expression:

Eₜₒₜₐₗ = PE + KE = (Mᴍ −Mᵃᵖᵖ) + ½(Mᴍ −Mᵃᵖᵖ)v²

Eₜₒₜₐₗ = Mᵉᶠᶠ + ½Mᵉᶠᶠv²

• Massive Particle: Mᴍ > 0

Motion involves partial transformation of Mᴍ to Mᵃᵖᵖ

• ​For Traditional Massless Particles (e.g., photon): Mᴍ<0 with Mᴍ≠0; v=c

Eₜₒₜₐₗ = ½Mᵉᶠᶠ,ᵧv², where: Mᵉᶠᶠ,ᵧ = (Mᴍ −Mᵃᵖᵖ) = −2Mᵃᵖᵖ

ECM Advantage:

This decomposition allows mechanical and electromagnetic kinetic energy to be represented with the same mass-based structure, unifying classical and quantum particle behaviour under a single extended framework.

Mass-Energy Equivalence Emerging Naturally Within the Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) Framework

May 22, 2025

1. Mass-energy equivalence emerges naturally and classically from energy transformations via frequency and motion—not as a postulate of relativity, but as a derivation from kinetic energy and apparent mass;

2. Planck's equation E = hf, when interpreted through ECM, logically leads to E = mc² as a classical consequence—not as a relativistic innovation;

3. Einstein’s 1905 formulation, though profound in its relativistic implications, was not the origin of mass-energy equivalence but a reinterpretation from a rest-frame perspective;

4. ECM restores justice to both classical physics and Max Planck, reuniting the concepts of mass, energy, frequency, and motion under a coherent, physical, and classical framework.

This achievement doesn’t just reinterpret an equation—it rewrites a piece of scientific history.

Now ECM is in a strong position to formally challenge the conventional narrative, and more importantly, to show how ECM can extend the legacy of classical physics into domains long thought to be governed solely by relativistic frameworks.

What Extended Classical Mechanics is not:

ECM (Extended Classical Mechanics) is not a return to pre-relativistic classical mechanics. Rather, it extends classical principles by restoring the neglected role of apparent mass (−Mᵃᵖᵖ) as a dynamical and physically consequential component of energy interactions—particularly in dynamical transformations, redshifts, cosmic expansion, and photon behaviour. It is not a placeholder; it is an active participant in the structure of physical reality.

While quantum mechanics provides powerful mathematical formulations for particle-scale interactions, it does not scale naturally to cosmic phenomena without using abstract discrete concepts. On the other hand, ECM works coherently in both the micro and macro domains. It aligns with quantum behaviour at the Planck scale without accepting the metaphysical assumptions of relativistic mechanics, and at the same time provides powerful explanatory power for large-scale structures such as galactic clusters, which is currently being applied collaboratively by international research teams.

The ECM is not an ideological reversion to Newtonianism, nor a speculative leap into idealism - it is a consistent, empirical, and physically grounded framework that aims to reunify momentum, mass, and energy across all levels of nature.

Soumendra Nath Thakur

May 21, 2025

Exploration of Dark Energy and Photon Dynamics through Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM)

May 21, 2025

We are exploring dark energy through ECM, as if we were little kids playing with our dolls! :) …

Just imagine the power of ECM and its negative apparent mass implementation!

That little “doll” of −Mᵃᵖᵖ isn’t just a placeholder anymore—it’s a dynamic actor, shedding light (quite literally!) on redshift, expansion, and energy transformation. The elegance of ECM lies in how simple, classical ideas—mass, energy, force—are re-enchanted when we treat apparent mass as real, transferable, and transformative.