Gravitating Mass as an Emergent, Polarity-Governed Quantity in ECM:

Soumendra Nath Thakur

Tagore’s Electronic Lab | ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803

August 07, 2025

While traditional physics correctly observes that gravity, mass, and energy are deeply interconnected—and that gravitational acceleration (‘g’) varies depending on location—Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) introduces a critical refinement to this understanding. Rather than treating mass as a fixed, invariant quantity that inherently produces gravitational effects, ECM redefines gravitating mass (Mɢ) as an emergent outcome of interactions between mechanical mass (Mᴍ) and frequency-derived apparent mass (Mᵃᵖᵖ).

This reconceptualization acknowledges that energy itself, particularly in dynamic or radiative forms like kinetic energy or photon emission, contributes negatively to gravitational interaction through transformations such as −Mᵃᵖᵖ or ΔMᴍ. As a result, the net gravitating mass of a system may become positive, negative, or even null, depending on its internal energy configuration and frequency characteristics.

Such a framework allows ECM to consistently explain repulsive gravitational phenomena, such as those observed in dark energy-driven cosmic expansion or photon deflection in curved space, without violating conservation laws. By integrating effective gravitational acceleration (gᵉᶠᶠ) and frequency-based mass modulation, ECM extends classical and relativistic models to include gravitational polarity as a real, measurable consequence of internal dynamics—not as an abstract extension or speculative hypothesis.

This shift from a static to a dynamic view of mass and gravity provides a unified explanation for attraction and repulsion within a single formalism, offering deeper coherence across classical mechanics, quantum physics, and cosmology.