May 18, 2025
Soumendra Nath Thakur
Abstract
This paper presents a reinterpretation of Liang and Caldwell’s dark matter formation model (Cold Dark Matter Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity by Guanming Liang and Robert R. Caldwell) through the framework of Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM). Their original proposal suggests that cold dark matter (CDM) could originate from initially massless particles undergoing phase-like transitions into massive states via cosmic-scale deceleration. In ECM, this process corresponds to a reversible transformation between kinetic energy (expressed as negative apparent mass, −Mᵃᵖᵖ) and matter mass (Mᴍ), governed by effective acceleration (aᵉᶠᶠ). By treating mass not as an intrinsic attribute but as a dynamic energy state, ECM offers a classically grounded explanation for mass acquisition without invoking quantum symmetry breaking or exotic particles. The paper formalizes the dual-state energy mechanism behind kinetic-to-mass transitions, showing that dark matter may emerge naturally as the kinetic identity of particles fades through sustained deceleration. This reinterpretation expands the explanatory power of classical physics in cosmological contexts, offering a testable and coherent model for the origin of dark matter.
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