Dear Dr. Valentyn Nastasenko,
Thank you for your continued engagement. You rightly state that:
“Mass is the amount of substance in a unit volume. Everything else is impulses.”
Indeed, in classical terms, mass (m) can be interpreted as the quantity of substance confined within a unit volume. When a portion (mₐ) of that mass is dynamically displaced—whether through motion, field interaction, or energetic redistribution—the original mass becomes:
m_ʀᴇᴍᴀɪɴɪɴɢ = m − mₐ, where: 0 < mₐ ≤ m
This reduction of mass within the unit volume can be seen as a deficit or missing portion and ECM interprets this deficit dynamically as negative apparent mass:
−Mᵃᵖᵖ ≡ −mₐ
Just as in Archimedes’ principle, where a submerged body displaces fluid and thereby generates an upward (buoyant) force equivalent to the weight of displaced fluid, we can draw an analogy:
The
fluid mass m is the original mass (or energy configuration),
The displaced portion (−mₐ) is analogous to the negative apparent mass, and the net force experienced (i.e., buoyancy or gravitational redirection) emerges from the remaining substance or dynamic rebalancing of mass-energy.
In ECM, this analogy is extended beyond fluids to any context where mass-energy redistribution occurs—particularly in gravitational or kinetic frameworks. The negative apparent mass is not a substance, but a mathematical and phenomenological representation of the energy or momentum portion that has transitioned from the original inertial configuration. It captures:
- The loss
of rest-mass behaviour (e.g., in photons),
- The antigravitational
behaviour in cosmological acceleration, and
- The dynamic mass equivalence required for effective energy accounting in relativistic and quantum domains.
Therefore, while mass remains a measure of “substance” per volume, its apparent loss or displacement—quantified as −Mᵃᵖᵖ —is a real and necessary term to represent energetic, kinetic, and gravitational dynamics in ECM.
Warm
regards,
Soumendra
Nath Thakur
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