The Role of Dark Energy in Galactic Recession:

Dark Energy’s Influence on Galaxy Clusters and the Accelerated Recession of Galaxies:

The Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) expands upon traditional classical mechanics by incorporating additional complexities to analyse intricate systems while remaining grounded in Newtonian principles. Unlike the standard framework, ECM considers factors such as the internal structure of objects (beyond point masses) and aspects of continuum mechanics to study deformable bodies.

This approach aligns with the findings of the intercontinental observational study titled "Dark Energy and the Structure of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies" (2013), conducted by A. D. Chernin, G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, P. Teerikorpi, M. J. Valtonen, G. G. Byrd, and M. Merafina. The research was carried out across multiple institutions, including Tuorla Observatory (University of Turku, Finland), Sternberg Astronomical Institute (Moscow University, Russia), Space Research Institute (Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia), University of Alabama (USA), and the Department of Physics (University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy). Their study confirmed the universally accelerated recession of galaxies within the Coma Cluster (Abell 1656), a massive galaxy cluster in the constellation Coma Berenices.

Key Finding: The Role of Dark Energy in Galactic Recession

The presence of dark energy significantly influences the structure and dynamics of galaxy clusters, as evidenced by the Coma Cluster. Modelled as a uniform vacuum-like fluid with a negative effective gravitating density, dark energy induces a repulsive force that counteracts gravitational attraction. The key determinant of this effect is the zero-gravity radius (Rᴢɢ), beyond which dark energy’s repulsion dominates over the cluster’s gravitational pull. Observations and theoretical models indicate that at distances beyond Rᴢɢ ≈ 20 Mpc, the mass contribution of dark energy surpasses that of the cluster’s gravitating mass, leading to effective outward acceleration. This localized manifestation of cosmic antigravity aligns with the broader accelerated expansion of the universe, demonstrating how dark energy drives the recession of galaxies by overcoming gravitational binding at large scales.