The Dynamics of Gravitationally Bound Systems:

17-09-2024 

Soumendra Nath Thakur

In classical mechanics, gravitational mass (Mɢ) is considered equivalent to matter mass (Mᴍ). However, modern physics recognizes that the gravitational effects of dark matter and dark energy can influence gravitational dynamics, particularly in regions dominated by dark energy, such as at least on the intergalactic scale. Within a gravitationally bound system, typically confined to a zero-gravity sphere, matter mass (Mᴍ) encompasses both normal (baryonic) matter and dark matter. The gravitating mass (Mɢ) represents the total effective mass that governs the gravitational dynamics of such a system. It includes contributions from both normal matter and dark matter, but not the effective mass associated with dark energy, which is primarily dominant in regions beyond the zero-gravity sphere. This comprehensive understanding is crucial for comprehending both the internal dynamics of gravitationally bound systems and the large-scale structure of the universe.

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