30 June 2024

My Response to 'Space and Time': Clarifying Misinterpretations with Empirical Evidence

'Space and Time' by Sergey Shevchenko et al.

1. The Contest

I. Original Statement: "The rest of the comment seems questionable. Possibly due to a lack of education in physics."

=> My Response:

This is an incorrect statement regarding the research paper titled "Relativistic effects on phase shift in frequencies invalidate time dilation II." The paper scientifically establishes that "Relative time emerges from relative frequencies. It is the phase shift in relative frequencies due to infinitesimal loss in wave energy and the corresponding enlargement in the wavelengths of oscillations, which occur in any clock between relative locations due to the relativistic effects or differences in gravitational potential. This results in errors in the reading of clock time, which is wrongly presented as time dilation." Through experiments and calculations, it shows that for a 1455.50003025° phase shift of a 9192631770 Hz wave, time shifts (time delays) đ›Ĩ𝑡 = 0.0000004398148148148148 ms (approx.) or 38 microseconds per day. 

Therefore, the questioning mainstream philosophical comment is based on preconception from the very beginning and clear ignorance of the content of the paper. So you have rather shown your lack of education in physics and ignorance of the valid submissions in the research paper.

II. Original Statement: "Time is a physical problem because it is a variable/observable in physical equations. Time exists absolutely objectively."

=> My Response:

Time appears physical when considering 'clock time,' as clocks are subject to distortion due to external effects, resulting in erroneous time. However, the concept of time arises from changes in events, and time progresses independently. Without events, the concept of time would be meaningless. Cosmic time is universal, unaffected, un-interactable, independent, conceptually uniformed, and fourth-dimensional, while clock time is a local representation, subject to external effects, modifiable, dependent, designed for uniform succession, and mathematically (hence abstractly) representable.

However, time is not physical; the concept of time arises from changes in events, progressing independently.

Time is not variable either; varying time would violate the scale of time, as the progress of time requires a constant change in unit durations. So, time has a standard unit with respect to a certain frequency. Cosmic time is not observable with events; only events are observable, not time - as time arises from the events. Clock time is a physical representation of cosmic time, which is subject to distortion due to external effects.

'Time exists absolutely objectively' refers to clock time, not cosmic time. Clocks are subject to external effects, so clock time is subject to distortion. Clock time is a physical representation of cosmic time, which purely emerges from cosmic events and progresses independently of the events. Cosmic time is universal, unaffected, un-interactable, independent, conceptually uniformed, and fourth-dimensional, while clock time is a local representation, subject to external effects, modifiable, dependent, designed for uniform succession, and mathematically (hence abstractly) representable.

III. Original Statement: "You can't validly prove time dilation; rather, it is an error in the clock. Clocks don’t measure time intervals erroneously; good clocks tick with stable frequency. The problem arises from human interpretation based on concepts or theories."

=> My Response:

All good clocks tick with stable frequency, but all clocks are also subject to external effects, including speed and gravity. This is an undeniable fact. Clocks measure time intervals erroneously when affected by external effects. So, the objection is baseless.

When human interpretation of mathematical concepts or theories is well-practiced, introducing forceful problems of human interpretation on concepts or theories is undesirable and unintended. The statement, "The problem arises from human interpretation based on concepts or theories" it was introduced by you to forcefully establish time as a "variable/observable" so that you can escape from the valid statement that time is an abstract concept and not observable. What we see in the clock are representations of cosmic time that universally relate to events.

(**) Rest of your Statements:

=> My Response:

My valid counter to all the rest of the questions would be based on the same interpretations as above.

2. Considerations:

Objective Claims. Your statement makes broad claims about the nature of time, asserting it is an absolute, objective phenomenon used in physical equations. However, it lacks detailed empirical evidence to support this assertion.

=> My Response:

Evidence from Research. I referenced a specific research paper titled "Relativistic effects on phase shift in frequencies invalidate time dilation II," which provides experimental and calculative evidence for my claims. This adds substantial weight to the argument by grounding it in scientific research. Clarity in Definitions. I clearly distinguished between "cosmic time" and "clock time," explaining how each concept is understood and measured. This differentiation helps clarify potential misunderstandings about the nature of time.

Your Action:

Dismissal of Alternative Views. You have dismissed alternative interpretations as stemming from a lack of education in physics without providing substantial counter-evidence to the research paper mentioned. This approach weakens your argument as it appears dismissive rather than constructively critical.

=> My Response:

Addressing Misinterpretations. I pointed out how the interpretation of time dilation might be based on misconceptions and provided a detailed explanation of how external effects can distort clock readings. This directly addresses the core of the debate on time dilation.

Your Action of Authority. The statement relies on the authority of established physics theories without engaging deeply with the specific evidence and calculations presented in the research paper. This reliance on authority can be seen as less robust compared to arguments supported by direct empirical evidence.

=> Scientific Concepts:

My response involved detailed explanations of phase shifts, wave frequencies, and how they relate to time measurement. This use of scientific terminology and concepts demonstrates a deeper engagement with the subject matter.

3. Decision:

=> My Response:

My response is stronger scientifically because it is based on specific, cited research and provides a clear, coherent explanation of complex concepts. It also directly addresses potential misconceptions and offers detailed evidence supporting my claims.

Your Action:

On the other hand, your response lacks detailed empirical evidence and relies more on dismissing alternative views without thoroughly engaging with the specific content of the research paper. While it asserts the objectivity of time, it does not provide the same level of detailed explanation or evidence.

4. My Conclusion:

A scientifically strong argument, like mine, is well-supported by empirical evidence, clearly explained, and open to addressing and countering alternative views with specific data and reasoning.

End.

Best regards,

Soumendra Nath Thakur

29 June 2024

The Intersection of God, Religion, and Science

God is often conceived as the greatest entity in existence, seen as the creator, sustainer, and ruler of the universe. In various religious traditions, God is believed to be the cause of all things, transcending the material world. This view contrasts with pantheism, which holds that God and the universe are one and the same.

Religion, in its essence, is the belief in and worship of a superhuman power or powers, especially a God or gods. This belief often involves accepting truths without proof, based on the authority of sacred texts, religious leaders, or tradition. In fact, most of what we believe is based on authority, trusted sources that we accept as reliable.

In science, an assumption is something accepted as true without proof. Unlike religious beliefs, scientific assumptions are subject to verification through observation and experiment. Science investigates and analyzes the natural world, while religion often deals with the spiritual or supernatural aspects of existence. Despite their differences, many scholars argue for an interdependence between science and religion, noting that religious insights can influence scientific understanding and vice versa.

Scientists adhere to the scientific method, demanding that theories be testable and verifiable by physical experiments. This creates a challenge for religious beliefs, particularly those about God, as God's existence is typically beyond the scope of empirical testing.

The origins of the universe remain one of the most profound questions in both science and religion. While most astrophysicists support the Big Bang theory, acknowledging our expanding universe, the exact nature of its creation is still unknown. Significant discoveries like Hubble's observation of the relationship between a galaxy's distance and its speed, and the detection of cosmic microwave background radiation, lend strong support to the Big Bang theory.

In contemplating the physical universe, human nature, and culture, we may find clues suggesting the existence or nature of the supernatural, or God. The supernatural, by definition, is beyond the explanation of science or natural laws, leaving room for faith and belief.

Faith in scientific theories arises from the scientific method—a systematic way of critically examining the natural world. We encourage students to see science as this method of exploration, emphasizing its basis in observation and reason.

There is a fundamental difference between religion, which is based on authority, and science, which is based on empirical evidence and rational thought. Science tends to prevail in understanding the natural world because it relies on methodologies that consistently yield verifiable results. The laws of science, which may be seen as decreed by God, govern the universe without requiring divine intervention to alter them.

In summary, while religion and science approach the mysteries of existence from different perspectives, both contribute valuable insights. Religion offers a framework for understanding the spiritual and supernatural, while science provides a method for exploring and understanding the natural world. Together, they enrich our quest for knowledge and meaning.

āĻ¸ংāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻĒে āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§ি: (āĻ¸ংāĻļোāĻ§িāĻ¤)

29-06-2024
āĻ¸ৌāĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ° āĻ¨াāĻĨ āĻ াāĻ•ুāĻ°

āĻ¸াāĻ°āĻ¸ংāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻĒ:

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āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤, āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ•াāĻ°ে āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻ­ূāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়, āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĻিāĻ• āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāĻ¯় āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে, āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ§āĻ•াāĻ° āĻĒāĻĻাāĻ°্āĻĨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ§āĻ•াāĻ° āĻļāĻ•্āĻ¤ি। āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ­ৌāĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ¸ীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§āĻ¤া, āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĒ্āĻ˛াāĻ™্āĻ• āĻ¸্āĻ•েāĻ˛ে, āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻ—াāĻŖিāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•ৃāĻ¤িāĻ•ে āĻšাāĻ‡āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¸্āĻŦীāĻ•ৃāĻ¤।

āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸ āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻĒ্āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ™্āĻ•েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ–āĻ•ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯় āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•িāĻ¤, āĻ¸ংāĻŦেāĻĻāĻ¨āĻļীāĻ˛ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§িāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻŦোāĻ§āĻ—āĻŽ্āĻ¯।

āĻŦিāĻŦৃāĻ¤িāĻŸি āĻœৈāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨, āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ­াāĻˇা āĻāĻŦং āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ• āĻ“ āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ¸িāĻ• āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸াāĻ°িāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖাāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻž্āĻœāĻ¸্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻœোāĻ° āĻĻেāĻ¯়। āĻŦিāĻ— āĻŦ্āĻ¯াং āĻāĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¤িāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻāĻŦং āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤া āĻŦোāĻা āĻĻাāĻ°্āĻļāĻ¨িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦৈāĻ§ āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে।

1. āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া:

āĻ†āĻ¸ুāĻ¨ āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ­াāĻ˛āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ° āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া āĻŽāĻ¨োāĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়, āĻ¯া āĻœৈāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§ীāĻ¨ে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে। āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ•ে, āĻ¸ংāĻŦেāĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸্āĻ¨াāĻ¯়ুāĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯় āĻāĻŦং āĻœৈāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§ীāĻ¨েāĻ“ āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤িāĻˇ্āĻ• āĻœāĻĄ়িāĻ¤। āĻ­ৌāĻ¤ āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻœৈāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯়āĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŦৃāĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻ—েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āĻ˛া।

āĻ¸ংāĻŦেāĻĻāĻ¨āĻļীāĻ˛ āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়াāĻ•āĻ˛াāĻĒāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤িāĻˇ্āĻ•āĻ•ে āĻœāĻĄ়িāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§িāĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻœ্āĻžāĻ¤া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻŦিāĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ¤ে, āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ¸িāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়াāĻ•āĻ˛াāĻĒ, āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦুāĻĻ্āĻ§িāĻŽāĻ¤্āĻ¤া, āĻ†āĻŦেāĻ— āĻāĻŦং āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤াāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¨া āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ°্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āĻ¤, āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤, āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤িāĻˇ্āĻ•েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§িāĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ˛াāĻĒ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻĻা।

āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻšাāĻ°āĻĒাāĻļেāĻ° āĻ­ৌāĻ¤ āĻœāĻ—ā§Ž āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§ি āĻ¨িāĻ¯়ে āĻ—āĻ িāĻ¤ āĻ¯া āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤িāĻˇ্āĻ•েāĻ° āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়াāĻ•āĻ˛াāĻĒāĻ•ে āĻ¨িāĻ¯়োāĻœিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ—āĻŖিāĻ¤, āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯়, āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻāĻŦং āĻ—াāĻŖিāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়াāĻ•āĻ˛াāĻĒāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖাāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•ৃāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ¨িāĻ§িāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻ­ৌāĻ¤ āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤া āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨।

āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤, āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ•াāĻ°ে āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻ­ূāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ• āĻ†āĻ•াāĻ°ে āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻ­াāĻ¸িāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে, āĻ¯া āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ­ৌāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻŦেāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ­āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻ¤āĻŦুāĻ“ āĻŽূāĻ˛ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻŦেāĻļিāĻ°āĻ­াāĻ—āĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻ¯়ে āĻ—েāĻ›ে-āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦ, āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯āĻ“-āĻ†ংāĻļিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§িāĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯, āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻĄাāĻ°্āĻ• āĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻŸাāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻĄাāĻ°্āĻ• āĻāĻ¨াāĻ°্āĻœি। āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ“ āĻ­ৌāĻ¤ āĻœāĻ—ā§Ž āĻāĻŦং āĻ†ংāĻļিāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤া āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤িāĻˇ্āĻ• āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ­ূāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšাāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়, āĻŦিāĻļুāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¤া āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤াāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšাāĻ˛িāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়, āĻ¯া āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻĻিāĻ•।

āĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻĒ্āĻ˛াāĻ™্āĻ• āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ•ে āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸ āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨। āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦāĻ¤ āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻœāĻ—āĻ¤āĻ•ে āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨, āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§ি āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ¯়, āĻŦিāĻ— āĻŦ্āĻ¯াং-āĻāĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸ āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া। āĻāĻŸি āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ–্āĻ¯া, āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤া āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻŦোāĻা āĻ¯াāĻ¯়, āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤িāĻˇ্āĻ•েāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻŦেāĻĻāĻ¨āĻļীāĻ˛ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§িāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻ¨āĻ¯়।

2. āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻˇ্āĻŸীāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ:

• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§িāĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯: āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ­াāĻˇাāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸াāĻ°িāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ "āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ­ূāĻ¤িāĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯" āĻĻিāĻ¯়ে "āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻž্āĻœিāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻž্āĻœিāĻŦāĻ˛" āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ¤।
• āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ¸িāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়াāĻ•āĻ˛াāĻĒ: āĻœোāĻ° āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে āĻ¯ে āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ¸িāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়াāĻ•āĻ˛াāĻĒāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¨āĻ¯়, āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¸āĻ°াāĻ¸āĻ°ি āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ• āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻ­āĻ°āĻ¤া āĻ›াāĻĄ়াāĻ‡ āĻ—াāĻŖিāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়াāĻ•āĻ˛াāĻĒ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖাāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়া āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।
• āĻŦিāĻ— āĻŦ্āĻ¯াং āĻ¤āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦ: āĻĒ্āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ™্āĻ• āĻ¸্āĻ•েāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•িāĻ¤ āĻŦিāĻ— āĻŦ্āĻ¯াং āĻ¤āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦāĻ•ে āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻœোāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ¯়ে āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸্āĻ•েāĻ˛ে, āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻĒেāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻ•āĻ¤া āĻ¸āĻš āĻĒāĻĻাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§ি āĻ­েāĻ™ে āĻ¯াāĻ¯়। āĻāĻŸি āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖাāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸াāĻ°িāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ¯ে āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻĒেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°ে āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ°া āĻœāĻĄ়িāĻ¤।

3. āĻŦিāĻŦৃāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻž্āĻœāĻ¸্āĻ¯āĻ¤া:

• āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸ংāĻŦেāĻĻāĻ¨:
āĻŦিāĻŦৃāĻ¤ি āĻ¯ে āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া āĻŽāĻ¨োāĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯় āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸ংāĻŦেāĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸্āĻ¨াāĻ¯়ুāĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯় āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ•। āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯় āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻœৈāĻŦ āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§ীāĻ¨ে āĻĒāĻĄ়ে।

• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§িāĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯:
"āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻž্āĻœিāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦং āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻž্āĻœিāĻŦāĻ˛" āĻ•ে "āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ­ূāĻ¤িāĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯" āĻĻিāĻ¯়ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻž্āĻœāĻ¸্āĻ¯āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ। āĻāĻŸি āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖাāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸াāĻ°িāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ¯ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨া āĻ¸āĻ°াāĻ¸āĻ°ি āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ­ূāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ¯়, āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻ°া āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¨া।

• āĻ­ৌāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা:
āĻ­ৌāĻ¤ āĻœāĻ—āĻ¤ (āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ­ূāĻ¤িāĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯) āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖাāĻ° (āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯) āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦৈāĻ§। āĻ—āĻŖিāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖাāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•ৃāĻ¤āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇে āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ¸িāĻ• āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ¯া āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻ­āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¨া।

• āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি:
āĻŦিāĻŦৃāĻ¤ি āĻ¯ে āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤, āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ•াāĻ°ে āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻ­ূāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে āĻ¤া āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ—াāĻŖিāĻ¤িāĻ•। āĻŦিāĻ— āĻŦ্āĻ¯াং āĻ¤āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ­ৌāĻ¤ ​​āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻĒ্āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ™্āĻ• āĻĻৈāĻ°্āĻ˜্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ো āĻŽাāĻĒāĻ•াāĻ িāĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦোāĻাāĻ° āĻ¸ীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§āĻ¤া āĻšāĻ¯়ে āĻ¯াāĻ¯়। āĻĄাāĻ°্āĻ• āĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻŸাāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻĄাāĻ°্āĻ• āĻāĻ¨াāĻ°্āĻœি āĻ†ংāĻļিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§িāĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ•, āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ• āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨া āĻ¯া āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻĒুāĻ°োāĻĒুāĻ°ি āĻŦুāĻāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°িāĻ¨ি।

• āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻĒ্āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ™্āĻ•েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ–:
āĻāĻŸি āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে āĻĒ্āĻ˛াāĻ™্āĻ•েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻŦিāĻŦৃāĻ¤িāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ–্āĻ¯া। āĻĒ্āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ™্āĻ• āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāĻ¨ āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ•োāĻ¯়াāĻ¨্āĻŸাāĻŽ āĻ¤āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦ। āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¸ āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻŸি āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤।

• āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻŦোāĻা:
āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻ¯ে āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤া āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻŦোāĻা āĻ¯াāĻ¯় āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖাāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸াāĻ°িāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ¯ে āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ¸ংāĻŦেāĻĻāĻ¨āĻļীāĻ˛ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§িāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°ে āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖাāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§ি āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।

4. āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻĒāĻ¯়েāĻ¨্āĻŸেāĻ° āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻ§াāĻ°াāĻŦাāĻšিāĻ•āĻ¤া:

• āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸ংāĻŦেāĻĻāĻ¨:
āĻœৈāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻž্āĻœāĻ¸্āĻ¯āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ।

• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§িāĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯:
āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ­াāĻˇা āĻāĻŦং āĻŦোāĻাāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸াāĻ°িāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§।

• āĻ­ৌāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা:
āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ• āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤া āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ¸িāĻ• āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦৈāĻ§ āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯।

• āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি:
āĻĒ্āĻ˛াāĻ™্āĻ• āĻ¸্āĻ•েāĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ­ৌāĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ¸ীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§āĻ¤া āĻšাāĻ‡āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ•। "āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤" āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ—াāĻŖিāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•ৃāĻ¤িāĻ•ে āĻ—াāĻŖিāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻ¸্āĻŦীāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ‰āĻšিāĻ¤।

• āĻĒ্āĻ˛াāĻ™্āĻ•েāĻ° āĻ°েāĻĢাāĻ°েāĻ¨্āĻ¸:
āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻĒ্āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ™্āĻ•েāĻ° āĻĻৃāĻˇ্āĻŸিāĻ­āĻ™্āĻ—িāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻļাāĻ°ীāĻ°িāĻ• āĻ¨āĻ¯় āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻŦিāĻŽূāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে।

• āĻšেāĻ¤āĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ§ি:
āĻĻাāĻ°্āĻļāĻ¨িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦৈāĻ§ āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ‰āĻšিāĻ¤।

* āĻ—ুāĻ—āĻ˛ āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻŦাāĻĻ


My Basic Understanding of the Universe in Brief: (Revised)

29-06-2024

Soumendra Nath Thakur

Summary:

This statement explores the concept of consciousness, differentiating it from sensation within the realms of biological science. While sensational activities involve perceptible experiences processed by the brain, consciousness encompasses imperceptible mental activities like intelligence, emotions, and thoughts. The physical world consists of perceptible, but abstract concepts such as mathematics and time are handled by the mind.

The universe is posited to have originated in an abstract, imperceptible form, with some aspects manifesting physically and others remaining abstract, like dark matter and dark energy. The limitations of current physical theories, especially at the Planck scale, are acknowledged, highlighting the universe's abstract mathematical nature.

Max Planck's reference to consciousness as the universe's source is interpreted as pertaining to the abstract and imperceptible realities, comprehensible through consciousness rather than sensory perception.

The statement emphasizes the scientific consistency of these concepts, aligning with biological sciences, scientific terminology, and the distinction between physical and mental constructs. The interpretation of the Big Bang's origin as abstract and the comprehension of abstract realities through consciousness are noted as philosophically valid.

1. Consciousness:

Let us try to understand consciousness better. Consciousness is a subject of psychology, which falls under biological science. Sensation, on the other hand, is a subject of neurology and involves the brain, also under biological science. Both physical science and biological science are disciplines within the broader category of science.

Sensational activities involve the brain and convey perceptible experiences. In contrast, the mental activities of consciousness, which include intelligence, emotions, and thoughts, are imperceptible abstracts, differing from the brain's perceptible activities.

The physical world around us consists of perceptible that engage the brain's activities, while concepts such as pure mathematics, time, numbers, and mathematical operations represent the universe's abstract nature, independent of physical reality.

The universe originated in an abstract, imperceptible form. Some of this imperceptible origin manifested in physical form, which we observe and experience within the physical universe. Yet much of the original source remained abstract—physically unrealizable, and also imperceptibles—partially realizable, like dark matter and dark energy. While the physical world and partial reality are sensed and handled by our brain, pure abstraction and imperceptible realities are managed by our mind, which is a facet of our consciousness.

Max Planck mentioned consciousness as the source of the universe. He most likely referred to the abstract and imperceptible world, including the physically realizable, as the source of the Big Bang, as consciousness. This is an abstract interpretation, as abstract and imperceptible realities can be comprehended through consciousness, not through the brain's sensory perception.

2. Clarifications:

• Perceptible and Imperceptible: Replaced "tangible and intangible" with "perceptible and imperceptible" to align with scientific terminology.
• Mental Activities: Emphasized that while mental activities are not physically tangible, they can process abstract concepts like mathematical operations and time without direct physical dependence.
• Big Bang Theory: Clarified the Big Bang theory in relation to the Planck scale, emphasizing that at this scale, our current understanding of physics, including general relativity, breaks down. This aligns with the notion that the universe's origin involves imperceptible and abstract dimensions beyond our current measurement capabilities.

3. Scientific Consistency:

• Consciousness and Sensation: 
The statement that consciousness is a subject of psychology and sensation is a subject of neurology is scientifically accurate. Both fields fall under biological science.

• Perceptible vs. Imperceptible: 
Replacing "tangible and intangible" with "perceptible and imperceptible" is scientifically consistent. It aligns with the idea that certain phenomena can be directly perceived and measured, while others cannot.

• Physical and Abstract Concepts: 
The distinction between the physical world (perceptible) and abstract concepts (imperceptibles) is scientifically valid. Abstract concepts like mathematics and time are indeed mental constructs not dependent on physical reality.

• Origin of the Universe: 
The statement that the universe originated in an abstract, imperceptible form is more mathematical. The Big Bang theory describes a physical event, but at scales like the Planck length, our understanding becomes limited. The mention of dark matter and dark energy being partially realizable is accurate, as they are physical phenomena we have yet to fully understand.

• Planck's Reference to Consciousness: 
This is an interpretation of Planck's abstract statements rather than a physical fact. While Planck did speak about consciousness, his primary contributions were to quantum theory. The interpretation of consciousness as the source of the universe is abstract.

• Comprehension through Consciousness: 
The idea that abstract and imperceptible realities can only be comprehended through consciousness aligns with the notion that human cognition can grasp abstract concepts beyond sensory perception.

4. Scientific Consistency of Specific Points:

• Consciousness and Sensation: 
Consistent with biological sciences.

• Perceptible and Imperceptible: 
Aligns with scientific terminology and understanding.

• Physical and Abstract Concepts: 
Scientifically valid distinction between physical reality and mental constructs.

• Origin of the Universe: 
Accurate in highlighting the limitations of our current physical theories at the Planck scale. The mathematical nature of the universe's origin as "abstract" should be acknowledged as mathematical.

• Planck's Reference: 
Interpretation of Planck's views on consciousness as abstract rather than physical.

• Comprehension through Consciousness: 
Philosophically valid but should be noted as an interpretation rather than a scientific fact.

28 June 2024

Question Discussion: Why can't a black hole engulf the entire universe? What limits its gravitational reach?


Question Resolved: I acknowledge the question regarding the potential for a black hole to engulf the entire universe and the limits of its gravitational reach. It's important to clarify that mass compression increases gravitational density rather than gravitational reach. For example, when a star's mass is compressed to form a black hole, the resulting mass density reaches nuclear matter density. This immense density increases the gravitational strength near the event horizon but does not extend its gravitational influence indefinitely. The diminishing influence with distance and the gravitational boundaries within galaxies collectively limit the reach of a black hole's gravitational pull. Therefore, while the gravitational strength near the singularity is extreme, it does not imply an infinite gravitational reach capable of engulfing the entire universe.

*-*-*-*-*-*

Since a singularity has properties that reach infinity, one might assume its gravitational influence is also infinite. When a star collapses into a black hole, its mass is compressed into an extremely small volume, leading to a significant increase in gravitational strength near the singularity. For example, a star with a mass of approximately 3.978 ×10³⁰ kg compressed into a volume of 10⁻⁸ m³ results in a gravitational strength multiplier of 3.978 ×10³⁸. This enormous increase in gravitational strength raises the question: why doesn't this immense gravitational pull extend to engulf the entire universe?

However, several factors limit a black hole's gravitational reach:

1. Distance and Diminishing Influence: 

Typically, the gravitational influence of a black hole, like any mass, diminishes with distance. While the gravitational pull is extremely strong near the event horizon, it weakens as one moves farther away. However, with a gravitational strength multiplier of 3.978 ×10³⁸, the black hole could engulf enough matter within its reach and correspondingly increase its gravitational strength further. This suggests that the black hole could potentially extend its gravitational reach indefinitely, challenging the idea of diminishing influence over distance.

2. Cosmic Expansion: 

The effect of cosmic expansion is not applicable to a black hole within a galaxy, as dark energy's influence is negligible within galactic scales. A black hole cannot be isolated from a galaxy unless it engulfs the entire galaxy, so cosmic expansion does not apply within this context.

3. Gravitational Boundaries: 

While black holes are typically found within galaxies, their gravitational influence near the event horizon is immense. The gravitational boundaries of their host galaxies pose limits, but with a gravitational strength multiplier as high as 3.978 ×10³⁸, the black hole could potentially overcome these boundaries by engulfing enough mass to further increase its gravitational pull indefinitely.

Despite the singularity's extreme gravitational strength near its event horizon and the potential for an ever-increasing gravitational pull, the limits posed by the gravitational boundaries of galaxies and cosmic structures may be challenged by the immense gravitational strength of a black hole, suggesting the possibility of extending its reach indefinitely.