Soumendra Nath Thakur
ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803
The Photons:
Photons are elementary particles that act as carriers of the electromagnetic force, spanning the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma-rays and visible light. Their energy can be determined using Planck's equation (E = hf), and their speed is defined by the ratio of the Planck length (ℓP) to the Planck time (tP), approximately equal to the speed of light (c). Photons interact with gravitational fields, both of source objects and external massive bodies, experiencing changes in energy and momentum. As photons traverse through space, they undergo gravitational redshift and cosmic redshift, encountering both gravity and antigravity. This paper focuses on the interaction between photons and electrons within dense media, highlighting the temporary excitation of electrons and the subsequent discharge of surplus energy through re-emission or scattering.
I). Energy Absorption Equation ΔE = (γi - γr) = (hΔf):
The equation for energy absorption describes the energy absorbed by the mirror during the interaction between incident and reflecting photons, known as "Absorption loss." It accounts for infinitesimal changes in energy, phase shifts, and time delays during photon-surface interactions, influencing whether photons are reflected or absorbed.
II). Photon Frequency Equations (f₁ and f₂):
These equations represent the frequencies of incident and reflecting photons, respectively, determining Δf and subsequently, time delay (Δt) between them.
III). Time Delay Equation {Δt = (1/Δf)/360:}
This equation relates the difference in frequencies of incident and reflecting photons to the time delay (Δt) between them..
IV) Relationship between Energy Difference and Time Delay (ΔE, Δt):
Establishes the connection between energy absorbed by the mirror and time delay between incident and reflecting photons.
Processes involved:
I). Describes the interaction of photons with electrons in dense transparent media, leading to temporary excitation of electrons and subsequent re-emission or scattering of photons.
II). Explains the predictable behaviour of reflected photons concerning angles of incidence and reflection.
III). Details the absorption and re-emission of photons by electrons on mirror surfaces.
IV). Discusses infinitesimal absorption loss experienced by photons during interactions with surfaces.
V). Relates incident and reflected photon energies and frequencies, emphasizing minimal energy loss during interactions.
VI). Specifies changes in frequencies between incident and reflected photons.
VII). Determines Δf as the difference between incident and reflecting photon frequencies.
VIII). Computes infinitesimal time delay (Δt) corresponding to Δf.
Equations and Mathematical Expressions:
Describes equations and expressions governing photon behaviour and interactions, including Planck's equation, equations for energy absorption, frequency, time delay equivalence, and their applications.
Absorption Loss in the Context of Visible Light:
Discusses absorption loss phenomena in visible light, considering different colours, their frequencies, and implications of infinitesimal changes in energy and time delays.
Relevant Equations:
Lists relevant equations derived from Planck's equation, governing photon properties, processes involved, and their applications:
Equation 1: E = hf (Planck's equation), where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is frequency.
Equation 2: ℓP/tP = c, where ℓP is the Planck length, tP is the Planck time, and c is the speed of light.
Equation 3: ΔE = hΔf (Derived from Planck equation)
Equation 4: Incident photon energy (γi) = hf₁
Equation 5: Reflecting photon energy (γr) = (hf₁ - ΔE)
Equation 6: Photon energy absorption (γi - γr) = (ΔE)
Equation 7: f₁ = Incident photon frequency
Equation 8: f₂ = Reflecting photon frequency
Equation 9: T(deg) = (1/f)/360 = Δt
Equation 10: f = E/h = 1/{T(deg)*360}
Equation 11: Δt = T(deg) = (1/f)/360
Equation 12: f = E/h = 1/{T(deg)*360}
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