Experimental Verification of Negative Apparent Mass Effects in the Context of Dark Energy and Classical Mechanics:

Soumendra Nath Thakur

ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803

28-09-2024

The concept of negative apparent mass offers a significant framework for understanding gravitational dynamics, particularly when considering its relationship with dark energy and classical mechanics. Negative apparent mass has been postulated to play a crucial role in motion and gravitational interactions, influencing both local and cosmic systems.

1. Negative Apparent Mass and Gravitational Dynamics

Negative apparent mass can be observed in gravitationally bound systems, where its effective mass can fluctuate between positive and negative values. This fluctuation is contingent upon the magnitude of negative apparent mass, which only becomes negative when it outweighs the total matter mass, including dark matter. At intergalactic scales, negative apparent mass is believed to correspond directly with the negative effective mass of dark energy, which is consistently negative and governs regions of the universe dominated by dark energy.

2. Experimental Observations

Recent observational studies, particularly those focusing on cosmic structures such as galaxy clusters, provide valuable insights into the effects of negative apparent mass. For instance, the research titled "Dark Energy and the Structure of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies" by A. D. Chernin et al. supports the equation (Mɢ = Mᴍ + (−Mᵃᵖᵖ)), emphasizing that negative apparent mass can be incorporated into classical mechanics frameworks.

3. Gravitational Lensing as a Test for Negative Mass

Gravitational lensing serves as a compelling test for the effects of negative mass. Traditional interpretations attribute gravitational lensing to the curvature of spacetime; however, this can be reassessed through the lens of negative apparent mass. The lensing effect observed in galaxy clusters may arise from the combined gravitational influences of both visible matter and negative apparent mass, providing an alternative explanation to the standard model of gravitational lensing that relies heavily on the warping of spacetime.

4. Consistency with Classical Mechanics

The empirical validity of classical mechanics is upheld through the equation F = (Mᴍ + (−Mᵃᵖᵖ))⋅aᵉᶠᶠ, which can be reconciled with the classic gravitational force equation F = mg. Here, the effective acceleration aᵉᶠᶠ is inversely Mᴍ proportional to the total mass, leading to the generation of apparent mass Mᵃᵖᵖ. The total energy equation can be expressed as Eᴛₒₜ = PE + KE = (Mᴍ + (−Mᵃᵖᵖ)) + KE, where kinetic energy (KE) is associated with negative apparent mass. This establishes a direct relationship between negative apparent mass and the energy dynamics present in classical mechanics, thereby reinforcing the significance of negative mass effects.

5. Implications for Future Research

The intersection of negative apparent mass, dark energy, and classical mechanics opens new avenues for understanding gravitational phenomena. Further experimental verification through observational studies in cosmic structures can provide deeper insights into how negative apparent mass contributes to gravitational dynamics and the behaviour of energy in gravitational fields. This research holds the potential to reshape current models of gravity and time, challenging the traditional understanding based solely on spacetime curvature and time dilation.

In conclusion, experimental verification of negative apparent mass effects not only aligns with the principles of classical mechanics but also provides a novel perspective on dark energy and gravitational dynamics. This framework encourages a re-evaluation of existing theories and supports the ongoing exploration of gravitational phenomena in both local and cosmic contexts.