Massless Objects, Negative Effective Mass, and Anti-Gravitational Motion in Extended Classical Mechanics:

Soumendra Nath Thakur.

February 18, 2925

From the foundational principles of Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM), we can consistently conclude that moving, massless objects exhibit an inherent anti-gravitational force against any surrounding gravitational influence. This arises due to their negative apparent mass (-Mᵃᵖᵖ) and corresponding negative effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ < 0). These objects continue to exhibit anti-gravitational behavior until they escape all gravitational influences and enter non-gravitational space.

In this framework, massless moving objects expend energy while interacting with gravitational fields, but this expenditure does not come from their inherent energy. Instead, they gain this energy through gravitational interactions during their existence within the gravitational influence of massive bodies. Once they escape such gravitational fields, they retain the energy imparted to them at the moment of emission. This implies that their motion is not dictated by inertia in the classical sense but rather by their unique energy exchange mechanism within gravitational fields.

The motion of massless objects fundamentally stems from their negative apparent mass. This leads to a key distinction: while objects with positive mass tend toward inertia, energetic massless bodies with negative effective mass tend toward continuous motion. The perceivable speed of such massless bodies is determined by the fundamental limits within Planck scales, specifically by the ratio of the smallest possible meaningful wavelength (Planck length) to the smallest possible time interval (Planck time). This establishes a fundamental speed limit based on the shortest possible wavelength-to-time ratio at the Planck scale.

Furthermore, if the wavelength of a massless object exceeds the minimum Planck length—corresponding to a higher wavelength-to-time ratio—its speed could surpass the inherent perceivable speed of massless objects. Simultaneously, such objects would exhibit an exceptionally strong anti-gravitational force. The ECM framework provides motion-force and gravitational-force equations that describe how gravitating mass (Mɢ) influences the effective acceleration of massless objects. When these objects exist at scales smaller than the Planck length, their gravitational interactions behave differently, and their energy transformations become imperceptible.

Due to the principle of energy conservation, the energy of massless objects does not vanish; rather, it transforms into higher energy states that remain undetectable under conventional observation methods. This reinforces the idea that massless objects, governed by ECM principles, exhibit unique energy and force interactions that challenge conventional mechanics and open new avenues for understanding motion, gravity, and energy transformation beyond the Planck scale.