About Black Hole Motion, Negative Apparent Mass, and Galactic Recession in Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM):

Author: Soumendra Nath Thakur  

Date: February 18, 2025

Introduction

Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) challenges the conventional view of black holes as stationary entities. Instead, they are dynamic, with motion exceeding the speed of light, dictated by the ratio of wavelength to time period surpassing the Planck scale limit.

Key Concepts

1. Black Holes and Motion:

   - Originating from gravitational collapse, black holes must exhibit rapid motion.

   - This motion is a result of their unique properties, going beyond the speed of light.

2. Transformation During Gravitational Collapse:

   - The baryonic mass of a massive body undergoes a transformation into negative apparent mass (-Mᵃᵖᵖ) during collapse.

   - This leads to a corresponding negative effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ < 0), altering the object's behavior.

3. Anti-Gravitational Properties:

   - The negative apparent mass gives black holes anti-gravitational properties.

   - This causes them to move away from gravitational wells, actively accelerating.

4. Galactic Interaction:

   - The interaction between a black hole's negative effective mass and the galaxy's positive effective mass creates a binding effect.

   - This keeps the black hole within the galaxy, rather than allowing it to escape.

5. Galactic Recession:

   - The entire galaxy undergoes recession, influenced by the interplay of effective masses.

   - This provides an alternative explanation to the large-scale recession of galaxies.

6. Local Scale Interactions:

   - Interactions between a black hole and nearby massive bodies are governed by their effective masses and force balance.

   - A black hole with a larger negative effective mass can attract nearby objects.

Conclusion

This refined interpretation offers deeper insights into black hole behavior and its impact on galactic recession and structure formation. Black holes are not just gravitational sinks but active drivers of cosmic motion, contributing to the universe's expansion. This framework provides a new perspective on the fundamental nature of black holes and their role in the universe.