22 January 2025

Extended classical mechanics:

Soumendra Nath Thakur
January 21, 2025

Extended classical mechanics is a framework that expands on the traditional principles of classical mechanics to include new concepts and findings. This framework is used to study the relationships between mass, energy, and gravitational dynamics. 

Concepts in extended classical mechanics

Effective mass

The net mass of a system, which includes rest mass and dynamic energy-dependent properties 

Apparent mass

The dynamic mass of a photon, which arises from its energy and momentum characteristics 

Negative effective mass

A concept that extends beyond classical mechanics to represent a form of potential energy 

Examples of extended classical mechanics

Equivalence principle

A central principle of classical mechanics that states that gravitational and inertial mass are indistinguishable 

Dark matter

A concept that challenges the classical framework and extends it to include dark matter dynamics 

Dark energy

A concept that extends beyond classical mechanics to represent a form of potential energy 

Why extend classical mechanics?

Extended classical mechanics (ECM) is a framework that incorporates dynamic mass properties to classical mechanics.

New concepts like dark matter and dark energy challenge the classical framework 

Observational phenomena, like the accelerated expansion of the universe, support extending classical mechanics.

ECM is used to better understand physical phenomena, such as the force that accelerates the cosmos. ECM can also be used to study the relationship between energy, mass, and gravitational dynamics. 

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