15 September 2024

Clarifying Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Gravitational Dynamics: A Response to Robert A. Phillips

15 September 2024

Dear Mr. Robert A. Phillips,

Thank you for sharing your thought-provoking question. I appreciate the depth of your inquiry, but I would like to offer a few clarifications and alternative perspectives based on my research.

Firstly, I would differ slightly with the beginning of your statement, "Based on the descriptions and observations of dark matter and dark energy." The current scientific understanding does not actually provide direct descriptions or observations of dark matter and dark energy themselves. Instead, we observe their gravitational effects on the universe. The term "dark" is used to signify that these entities do not emit or reflect light, as opposed to "illuminating" baryonic matter. Dark matter, especially baryonic dark matter, is hypothesized to be made up of baryons, manifesting in forms like diffuse gas clouds, low-luminosity stars, and planets. However, this baryonic dark matter makes up only a small fraction of the overall dark matter content in the universe.

Moreover, when discussing dark matter in the context of your model, my focus lies not on dark matter as a medium but on its observable gravitational effects. My research addresses how matter mass (Mᴍ), which includes both baryonic and non-baryonic dark matter, affects classical mechanics, especially in terms of gravitational dynamics and mass measurements within an extended framework.

As for your interpretation of dark energy as "propagating gravitational waves caused by the gravitational acceleration of matter," this seems to suggest treating gravitational waves as a form of substance. However, my research frames dark energy not as a substance, but as a phenomenon emerging from cosmic motion and gravitational dynamics. Dark energy manifests through the effects of motion and the gravitational interactions of matter rather than being a material entity. Specifically, the apparent negative mass (−Mᵃᵖᵖ) and the negative effective mass of dark energy (Mᴅᴇ) are better understood as consequences of motion and gravitational dynamics rather than being tangible substances.

This view aligns with the extended classical mechanics framework, offering a coherent explanation of gravitational interactions, particularly in systems impacted by dark energy and apparent negative mass. My work emphasizes the role of cosmic motion and its relationship with gravitational forces in shaping our understanding of dark energy.

I hope this response clarifies my perspective and contributes to our shared understanding of these cosmic phenomena. I appreciate your engagement with these complex ideas.

Best regards,
Soumendra Nath Thakur

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