15 September 2024

Redefining Mass Profiles in Extended Classical Mechanics:

Date: 15 September 2024

The research titled "Extended Classical Mechanics: Vol-1 - Equivalence Principle, Mass and Gravitational Dynamics" builds on the concept of dark energy's antigravity, aligning with the work of A.D. Chernin et al. on dark energy and the structure of the Coma Cluster of galaxies. It redefines mass profiles by introducing the concept of Apparent Mass (Mᵃᵖᵖ), a negative mass component that influences Effective Mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ). By incorporating the antigravity effects of dark energy and revising mass profiles, this study enhances the applicability of classical mechanics to cosmic structures, offering new insights into the universe's gravitational dynamics. The integration of these concepts helps to refine our understanding of cosmic phenomena and supports the development of a more comprehensive model in extended classical mechanics.

Dark Energy and the Structure of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies: Redefining Mass and Gravitational Dynamics in Extended Classical Mechanics:

The study explores the implications of dark energy on classical mechanics, focusing on its influence on gravitational dynamics and mass measurements within the framework of extended classical mechanics. Building on the ΛCDM cosmology, which models dark energy as a uniform, vacuum-like fluid, this research re-examines the structure of galaxy clusters, particularly the Coma cluster, using a theoretical framework that incorporates both dark energy and matter mass.

Recent advancements highlight the need to integrate dark energy's effects into gravitational dynamics, revealing that dark energy contributes significantly to the effective mass and influences the structure of galaxy clusters at large scales. The analysis, based on observational data and theoretical models, identifies three critical masses: matter mass Mᴍ and total gravitating mass Mɢ = Mᴍ + Mᴅᴇ , dark-energy effective mass  Mᴅᴇ (negative). This framework leads to a new matter density profile that aligns with observed data for the Coma cluster and addresses the limitations of traditional models.

The study proposes that the effective gravitating density of dark energy is negative, producing antigravity that can surpass gravitational effects on scales up to 20 Mpc. This finding challenges existing models and suggests that galaxy clusters' total size and mass must account for dark energy's influence. The analysis also revises the matter mass profiles of clusters, using a modified Hernquist profile that better matches observational data and provides more accurate estimates of cluster mass and size.

By incorporating dark energy's antigravity effects and redefining mass profiles, this work enhances classical mechanics' applicability to cosmic structures and provides new insights into the universe's gravitational dynamics. The integration of these concepts helps refine our understanding of cosmic phenomena and supports the development of a more comprehensive model of extended classical mechanics.

Keywords: dark energy, classical mechanics, galaxy clusters, Coma cluster, effective mass, gravitational dynamics, ΛCDM cosmology, antigravity, mass profiles,

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