Application of Effective Mass through Newtonian Mechanics:

Soumendra Nath Thakur
ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803

05-06-2024

Effective mass is a fundamental concept that arises from the equivalence of energy and mass, but it does not represent actual mass by mass equivalent energy that has intractability with the force. In various physical contexts, effective mass serves as a vital tool for understanding the behaviour of massive manifestation of energetic state under the influence of force or dynamics. It allows us to simplify complex systems and predict their behaviour accurately.

Effective mass manifests not only in the traditional sense of mass but also in the energetic state of particles. This manifestation is rooted in the fundamental relationship between mass and energy. Even in situations where mass is not converted into other forms of energy, the concept of effective mass remains applicable, aiding in describing the behaviour of particles and systems.

Whether in classical mechanics, nuclear physics, semiconductor physics, cosmology, or other fields, effective mass provides a valuable framework for understanding and predicting the behaviour of particles and systems. It bridges the gap between the mass-like manifestations of energy and traditional mass, offering insights into the dynamics of physical phenomena.

The concept of effective mass is crucial in understanding the gravitational dynamics of the Coma cluster. Effective mass incorporates both the traditional matter mass and the impact of dark energy, providing a comprehensive understanding of the cluster's gravitational behaviour. This research highlights the importance of considering dark energy in mass estimations of galaxy clusters, as it significantly influences their structure and dynamics.

The research on "Dark energy and the structure of the Coma cluster of galaxies" by employing Newtonian mechanics, describes the local dynamical effects of dark energy and defines three masses to characterize the structure of a regular cluster: the matter mass, the effective mass, and the gravitating mass. It reveals that the effective mass, which considers the influence of dark energy on the cluster's dynamics, is negative, indicating an antigravity effect.