Summary: Photon Energy Conservation and Gravitational Lensing in Extended Classical Mechanics:

February 18, 2025

Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) establishes a conservation framework for photon energy interactions within the curvature of gravitational fields. By extending the energy-momentum relation p = hf/c to include apparent mass (Mᵃᵖᵖ) and negative inertia, ECM reveals that gravitational lensing involves a symmetric energy exchange. As a photon follows the curvature of a gravitational field, it undergoes a blueshift when approaching a gravitational well, gaining energy, and a redshift when receding, losing energy. This process maintains the photon's intrinsic energy (E) while offering a clear explanation for both light bending and its energy transformation in gravitational fields.

#ECMinterpretation #GravitationalLensing in #gravitationalfield not in #curvatureinspacetime #GravitationalLensingInECM

About Black Hole Motion, Negative Apparent Mass, and Galactic Recession in Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM):

Author: Soumendra Nath Thakur  

Date: February 18, 2025

Introduction

Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) challenges the conventional view of black holes as stationary entities. Instead, they are dynamic, with motion exceeding the speed of light, dictated by the ratio of wavelength to time period surpassing the Planck scale limit.

Key Concepts

1. Black Holes and Motion:

   - Originating from gravitational collapse, black holes must exhibit rapid motion.

   - This motion is a result of their unique properties, going beyond the speed of light.

2. Transformation During Gravitational Collapse:

   - The baryonic mass of a massive body undergoes a transformation into negative apparent mass (-Mᵃᵖᵖ) during collapse.

   - This leads to a corresponding negative effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ < 0), altering the object's behavior.

3. Anti-Gravitational Properties:

   - The negative apparent mass gives black holes anti-gravitational properties.

   - This causes them to move away from gravitational wells, actively accelerating.

4. Galactic Interaction:

   - The interaction between a black hole's negative effective mass and the galaxy's positive effective mass creates a binding effect.

   - This keeps the black hole within the galaxy, rather than allowing it to escape.

5. Galactic Recession:

   - The entire galaxy undergoes recession, influenced by the interplay of effective masses.

   - This provides an alternative explanation to the large-scale recession of galaxies.

6. Local Scale Interactions:

   - Interactions between a black hole and nearby massive bodies are governed by their effective masses and force balance.

   - A black hole with a larger negative effective mass can attract nearby objects.

Conclusion

This refined interpretation offers deeper insights into black hole behavior and its impact on galactic recession and structure formation. Black holes are not just gravitational sinks but active drivers of cosmic motion, contributing to the universe's expansion. This framework provides a new perspective on the fundamental nature of black holes and their role in the universe.

About Massless Objects, Negative Effective Mass, and Anti-Gravitational Motion in Extended Classical Mechanics:

Comment:

This comment is on Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) and massless objects! It proposes some really interesting ideas about anti-gravitational forces and energy exchange mechanisms for massless particles, going beyond conventional understandings of inertia and speed limits. The connection to Planck scales is particularly intriguing. It suggests a need for a revised understanding of how gravity interacts with objects at the quantum level.

Author: Soumendra Nath Thakur  

Date: February 18, 2925

Abstract:

This paper explores the behaviour of massless objects within the framework of Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM), proposing that these objects exhibit anti-gravitational forces due to their negative effective mass.

Key Concepts:

1. Massless Objects and Anti-Gravitational Force:

   - Massless objects possess an inherent anti-gravitational force against surrounding gravitational influences.

   - This phenomenon is attributed to their negative apparent mass (-Mᵃᵖᵖ) and negative effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ < 0).

2. Energy Expenditure and Interaction:

   - While interacting with gravitational fields, massless objects expend energy, which is not derived from their inherent energy.

   - They gain energy through gravitational interactions with massive bodies, retaining this energy upon escaping gravitational fields.

3. Motion Dynamics:

   - The motion of massless objects is influenced by their negative apparent mass, leading to continuous motion rather than inertia.

   - The speed of these objects is constrained by Planck scales, specifically the ratio of Planck length to Planck time.

4. Wavelength and Speed Limit:

   - If the wavelength of a massless object exceeds the minimum Planck length, its speed may surpass conventional limits, resulting in strong anti-gravitational forces.

   - This introduces a new perspective on the speed limits of massless bodies.

5. Gravitational Interactions at Quantum Scales:

   - At scales smaller than the Planck length, gravitational interactions and energy transformations behave differently, becoming imperceptible under traditional observation methods.

   - The principle of energy conservation implies that energy does not vanish but transforms into higher, undetectable energy states.

Conclusion:

The ECM framework challenges conventional mechanics by providing new insights into the motion, gravity, and energy transformation of massless objects. It opens avenues for further research into the fundamental nature of gravity and motion beyond the Planck scale.

Reference:

About Massless Objects, Negative Effective Mass, and Anti-Gravitational Motion in Extended Classical Mechanics:

Black Hole Motion, Negative Apparent Mass, and Galactic Recession in Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM):

Soumendra Nath Thakur 

February 18, 2025

According to the principles of Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM), black holes cannot be truly stationary, even though they originate from the gravitational collapse of massive bodies with rest mass and rest energy. Instead, they must exhibit motion exceeding the speed of light, as their ratio of wavelength to time period surpasses the Planck scale limit.

During gravitational collapse, the baryonic mass of a sufficiently massive body transforms into negative apparent mass (-Mᵃᵖᵖ), leading to a corresponding negative effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ < 0). As a result, these collapsed objects no longer exhibit the properties of conventional massive bodies. This transformation occurs when the rest mass and its associated energy convert into an energetic form, causing the baryonic mass to take on negative apparent mass properties, fundamentally altering its interaction with gravitational fields.

The intrinsic anti-gravitational nature of negative apparent mass plays a crucial role in this transformation. As a massive object undergoes gravitational collapse, it achieves immense anti-gravitational properties in accordance with ECM principles. Consequently, its effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ < 0) causes it to move counter to the gravitational potential of the universe. This motion is not just an inertial effect but an active acceleration away from gravitational wells, reinforcing an anti-gravitational influence on the galaxy it resides in.

However, the interaction between the negative effective mass of a black hole (Mᵉᶠᶠ < 0) and the total effective mass of the galaxy (which remains positive) results in a net binding effect. The magnitude of the galaxy’s effective mass outweighs the negative effective mass of the black hole, keeping the black hole gravitationally bound within the galaxy. As a result, rather than individual black holes escaping, the entire galaxy itself undergoes recession, accelerating away from the gravitational potential of the universe. This provides an extended interpretation of galactic motion, suggesting that the large-scale recession of galaxies is influenced by the interplay of effective masses rather than solely by dark energy.

On a local scale, the interaction between a black hole and a nearby massive body is governed by their respective effective masses and the balance between their anti-gravitational and gravitational interaction points. If the absolute magnitude of the black hole’s negative effective mass exceeds the effective mass of the nearby object (|Mᵉᶠᶠ₍BH₎| > |Mᵉᶠᶠ₍object₎|), the black hole will exert an attractive force on the nearby body, leading to accretion. This perspective refines the understanding of how black holes interact with their surroundings, both at the galactic and universal scales.

This refined interpretation not only provides a deeper insight into black hole behavior but also suggests that galactic recession and structure formation are directly influenced by the transformation of massive bodies into entities with negative effective mass. In this framework, black holes are not merely gravitational sinks but active drivers of cosmic motion, contributing to the large-scale expansion of the universe while remaining dynamically integrated within their host galaxies.

Massless Objects, Negative Effective Mass, and Anti-Gravitational Motion in Extended Classical Mechanics:

Soumendra Nath Thakur.

February 18, 2925

From the foundational principles of Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM), we can consistently conclude that moving, massless objects exhibit an inherent anti-gravitational force against any surrounding gravitational influence. This arises due to their negative apparent mass (-Mᵃᵖᵖ) and corresponding negative effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ < 0). These objects continue to exhibit anti-gravitational behavior until they escape all gravitational influences and enter non-gravitational space.

In this framework, massless moving objects expend energy while interacting with gravitational fields, but this expenditure does not come from their inherent energy. Instead, they gain this energy through gravitational interactions during their existence within the gravitational influence of massive bodies. Once they escape such gravitational fields, they retain the energy imparted to them at the moment of emission. This implies that their motion is not dictated by inertia in the classical sense but rather by their unique energy exchange mechanism within gravitational fields.

The motion of massless objects fundamentally stems from their negative apparent mass. This leads to a key distinction: while objects with positive mass tend toward inertia, energetic massless bodies with negative effective mass tend toward continuous motion. The perceivable speed of such massless bodies is determined by the fundamental limits within Planck scales, specifically by the ratio of the smallest possible meaningful wavelength (Planck length) to the smallest possible time interval (Planck time). This establishes a fundamental speed limit based on the shortest possible wavelength-to-time ratio at the Planck scale.

Furthermore, if the wavelength of a massless object exceeds the minimum Planck length—corresponding to a higher wavelength-to-time ratio—its speed could surpass the inherent perceivable speed of massless objects. Simultaneously, such objects would exhibit an exceptionally strong anti-gravitational force. The ECM framework provides motion-force and gravitational-force equations that describe how gravitating mass (Mɢ) influences the effective acceleration of massless objects. When these objects exist at scales smaller than the Planck length, their gravitational interactions behave differently, and their energy transformations become imperceptible.

Due to the principle of energy conservation, the energy of massless objects does not vanish; rather, it transforms into higher energy states that remain undetectable under conventional observation methods. This reinforces the idea that massless objects, governed by ECM principles, exhibit unique energy and force interactions that challenge conventional mechanics and open new avenues for understanding motion, gravity, and energy transformation beyond the Planck scale.