Planck velocity equals one Planck length per Planck time:

It seems, in 1900 Max Planck's equation was primarily E = f(λ). In 1905 Einstein promoted c = fλ.

The world over knows c is devised in the theory of special relativity, where c = fλ = √E/m.

However, according to Max Planck the velocity of electromagnetic waves, or light, is equal to one Planck length per Planck time; the limit to which photons can travel. 

(Read More... Planck Length by Max Planck.) 

• Planck time ~ 5.39×10^−44 s.
• Planck length ~ 1.61626×10^−35 m.
• c =~3x10^8 m/s.

#MaxPlanck #PlanckVelocity

Addressing the question, "Should we abandon the multiverse theory?"

While my intention is clear as described in my previous post wherein I have mentioned,

i.  "Physical science must be physical"

ii. "Abstract concepts are pure mathematical"

iii. "Max Planck limits (our) reality.

iv "Events invoke Time"

The above-mentioned itemized premises probably indicate that multiverse theory is abstract in its properties, like the abstractions of mathematics.

Proving these would certainly not be possible because the natural limits of our interactions are limited to three-dimensional space and, according to Max Planck, anything above Planck units would be meaningless to us.

We cannot perceive any possible event beyond our limits in the Planck length because events invoke time. So impossibility in perception means impossibility in origin of time.

Importantly, there are some entities with semi-real properties like dark energy or even dark matter and black holes, they seem to exist outside the boundaries of the Planck frequency but their only interactions with reality make them semi-real until we can establish. As they are completely real.

Quasi-realism is the meta-ethical view which claims that: Ethical sentences do not express propositions. Instead, ethical sentences project emotional attitudes as though they were real properties.

Therefore, there should be no barriers to exploring multiverse theory, just as we explore abstraction in mathematics. Such explorations may actually improve our understanding.

However, strictly speaking, such explorations need to be limited and promoted only as abstractions and not as a possible reality - as if they could never be proved or disproved - as per the definition of reality.

Soumendra Nath Thakur

#Multiverse

In review: Should we abandon the multiverse theory?

Reslved : Addressing the question, "Should we abandon the multiverse theory?"

My comment is due for the message of the video attached. Still watching it. 

Prima facie - Dr. Sabine seems rational. Dr. Penrose seems experienced, and for Dr. Kaku I reserve even my prima facie comment.

While I think physical science needs to be physical, abstract ideas are mathematical and does not depend on reality. Max Planck limits our reality  Where events invoke time. I value meaningfulness more.

Mathematics as abstract science and fundamental concepts: The abstract science of numbers, quantities, and space, applied either as abstract concepts, known as pure mathematics, or as applied to other disciplines such as physics and engineering known as applied mathematics.

Mathematical objects can best be described by abstraction, the process of extracting the underlying structure, patterns, or properties of a mathematical concept that is detached from their reference to real-world events and situations and devoid of content connected to the particular applications to which it may belong. Originally attached. It has a wide range of applications or similarities among other abstract descriptions of equivalents.

On the other hand, fundamental mathematical concepts are closely related to the real world, and therefore learning applied mathematics involves experiential concepts, the application of problems arising in different fields, such as science, engineering or the development of new or improved methods to meet the challenges of new problems.

#SabineHossenfelder #RogerPenrose #MichioKaku #abstractidea #mathematics #abstractioninmathematics

Contrast between contraction and expansion of universal existence.

The energy from the Big Bang drove the early expansion of the universe. Since then, gravity and dark energy have been involved in a cosmic tug of war. Gravity pulls galaxies closer together; dark forces push them away. A singularity is a point where some property is infinite. For example, at the center of a black hole, according to classical theory, the density is infinite, because a finite mass is compressed into a zero volume. So it is a singularity.

Universal contraction.
1. A black hole is a region of three-dimensional space where a gravitational field is so intense that no matter or radiation can escape. Gravity is so strong there because matter is squeezed into a tiny space. This is one of the similar phenomena of universal contraction.

Universal expansion.
2. The Big Bang is the rapid expansion of matter or energy from conditions of extremely high density and temperature in a point like state that marks the origin of the universe according to current cosmological theory. In the early stages of the Big Bang, the universe underwent a period of extremely rapid expansion in its first few moments, known as exponential expansion or inflation. However, dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that exerts a negative, repulsive pressure, behaving like the opposite of gravity. This has been hypothesized to account for some observational properties, which show that the universe is undergoing an accelerated expansion. These are universal expansions.

#universalcontraction #universalexpansion

Tug of war between gravity and antigravity:

Gravity pulls galaxies closer together; dark energy pushes them apart. 

Whether the universe is expanding or contracting depends on which force dominates, gravity or dark energy.

Scientifically it is understood that inside galaxies baryonic and dark matters overcome dark energy so gravity wins and keeps galaxies together but when it comes to intergalactic space, it is said that dark energy overcomes baryonic and dark matters and wins the fight, so galaxies are moving away.

Besides there is zero gravity spheres around each gravitationally bound objects, either in galactic form or any forms of clusters of galaxies. 

It is understood that the gravitating mass of dark energy is <0. 

#DarkEnergy #antigravity #baryonicmatter #darkmatter #gravity