2. Summary of ECM Mass Concepts:

Soumendra Nath Thakur

February 05, 2025

Mᴏʀᴅ (Ordinary/Baryonic Matter):  This is the mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons.  It's the "normal" matter we're familiar with.

Mᴅᴍ (Dark Matter): This is non-luminous matter that interacts gravitationally but not through electromagnetic forces.  It's included in the total matter mass.

Mᴍ (Total Matter Mass): Mᴍ = Mᴏʀᴅ + Mᴅᴍ.  This is the total mass of ordinary and dark matter within a system.

Mᴅᴇ (Dark Energy Effective Mass): This represents the effective mass contribution from dark energy.  It's important to note that this is not dark energy itself, but its effect on mass.

Mᵃᵖᵖ (Apparent Mass): This is a dynamic, non-physical quantity that reflects observed mass variations due to external forces. It can be negative.

Mᵉᶠᶠ (Effective Mass): Mᵉᶠᶠ = Mᴍ − Mᵃᵖᵖ = Mᴍ + Mᴅᴇ. This is the mass that governs gravitational interactions in ECM.

Mɢ (Gravitating Mass): Mɢ = Mᵉᶠᶠ. This is the mass that appears in the gravitational force equation in ECM.

Key Points and Clarifications:

Mᴅᴇ vs. Dark Energy: Mᴅᴇ is the effective mass contribution from dark energy, not dark energy itself. This distinction is crucial.

Apparent Mass as a Dynamic Term: Mᵃᵖᵖ is a dynamic and non-physical term. It reflects the observed mass variations, not a change in the actual physical mass.

Kinetic Energy in ECM: The equation (1/2) Mᴏʀᴅ⋅v² + (1/2)Mᴅᴍ⋅v² = −Mᵃᵖᵖ shows how the kinetic energy of ordinary and dark matter is related to the apparent mass.