Experimental Evidence for Negative Mass and Theoretical Implications:

"What experiment has been done to verify the existence of negative mass?"

Soumendra Nath Thakur
December 20, 2024

1. The Context of Negative Apparent Mass:

The concept of negative apparent mass (−Mᵃᵖᵖ) differs fundamentally from intrinsic negative mass. It arises as a contextual property, emerging from the equations of effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ) under extreme conditions. The term "apparent" signifies that this property is not an inherent attribute of the particle but is instead influenced by external factors.

Key insights include:

• Apparent mass: A dynamic result influenced by energy, momentum, and the interplay with external forces, not a static characteristic of matter.

• Negative apparent mass: Emerges under specific conditions, particularly when the energy contributions from potential and kinetic dynamics surpass the rest mass energy.

This theoretical framework aligns with phenomena where gravitational dynamics deviate from classical predictions, including dark energy interactions.

Reference: Observational research by A.D. Chernin et al., "Dark Energy and the Structure of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies," supports the interpretation of dark energy dynamics in systems where apparent mass plays a role.

2. "Matter to Antimatter" Transition:

The proposed transition from matter to antimatter-like behaviour under extreme conditions is unconventional but extends the understanding of particle dynamics. When negative apparent mass dominates, the following occurs:

• Structural disintegration: Negative apparent mass exerts pressure that challenges the electron's structural integrity. This pressure increases as the electron's velocity approaches the speed of light (c), rendering its rest mass negligible. This is a consistent mathematical prediction of physical consequences.

• Transition dynamics: The effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ) becomes dominated by (−Mᵃᵖᵖ), leading to repulsive (antigravitational) effects. The electron no longer adheres to conventional matter dynamics.

• Antigravity effects: As negative apparent mass dominates at light's speeds, repulsion from gravitational sources occurs. This behaviour aligns with the theoretical underpinnings of antimatter-like states in extreme conditions.

3. Gravitational Bound Systems and Structural Breakdown:

The inability of matter to survive as conventional matter at light's speeds in gravitationally bound systems highlights the interplay between −Mᵃᵖᵖ, and matter M:

• Increasing speed and Mᵃᵖᵖ: As the electron accelerates, Mᵃᵖᵖ grows while matter M diminishes. A tipping point is reached where structural forces are overwhelmed.

• Collapse or dissipation: At this point, the electron ceases to behave as traditional matter. Instead, it transitions to state resembling antimatter, characterized by antigravitational interactions.

4. Supporting Evidence and Theoretical Alignment:

While direct experimental validation of negative apparent mass remains an open frontier, theoretical consistency with extended classical mechanics offers promising pathways for exploration:

• Alignment with dark energy dynamics: The interpretation of negative apparent mass mirrors the influence of dark energy on cosmic expansion, as shown in the work of A.D. Chernin et al.

• High-energy phenomena: Observations of high-energy particles near black holes or data from particle accelerators could provide indirect evidence of these transitions.

5. Transition to Antimatter-like Behaviour:

The transition described is not conventional antimatter (as defined in particle physics, with opposite charge but identical mass). Instead, it represents a novel state governed by:

• Negative effective mass: This leads to repulsion from gravitational sources, creating antigravity effects.

• Dynamic behaviour under extreme at light's speeds, conventional properties of matter cease to apply, resulting in a fundamentally different state of existence.

Conclusion:

The theoretical framework for the "Matter to Antimatter" transition provides a robust model for understanding high-energy dynamics and structural transformations under extreme conditions. While experimental validation is pending, its consistency with extended classical mechanics and alignment with observed phenomena (e.g., dark energy effects) support its plausibility. Further research and experimentation are essential to substantiate these claims and deepen our understanding of particle behaviour near the speed of light.