General description of negative effective mass in motion and its empirical support:

23 August 2024

1. Motion and Acceleration:

• When an object with a certain matter mass is put into motion with a particular velocity, it experiences acceleration due to the application of a force. According to Newton's second law of motion, this force is directly proportional to the product of the object's mass and its acceleration.

2. Invariant Matter Mass and Effective Mass:

• As the object accelerates, its intrinsic matter mass appears to be reduced because of the generation of an effective mass. This effective mass acts to assist the object's acceleration, thereby altering the dynamics of its motion.
• Describing a scenario where the inverse-square law of gravity and the concept of negative effective mass work together to influence an object's motion. 
• As an object moves away from the Earth's surface, the inverse-square law of gravity dictates that the gravitational force decreases with distance. This decrease in gravitational pull is where the concept of negative effective mass comes into play, assisting the object's acceleration. The negative effective mass effectively reduces the overall gravitational influence on the object, making it lighter and allowing it to accelerate more easily. As a result, an object with invariant mass can experience increased acceleration due to the combined effects of the inverse-square law of gravity and the negative effective mass assisting its motion.

3. Creation of Negative Effective Mass:

• The concept of effective mass is derived from the difference between the matter mass and the gravitating mass of the object. When the gravitating mass is significant relative to the matter mass, the effective mass can turn out to be negative. This negative effective mass results from the reduction of the object's apparent matter mass as described by the equation.

4. Empirical Support:

• This theoretical framework, which suggests that negative effective mass emerges due to the decrease in the invariant matter mass, is supported by empirical research. Specifically, the study titled "Dark Energy and the Structure of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies" by A. D. Chernin and colleagues provides evidence that aligns with the notion of negative effective mass. This research, particularly in the context of dark energy, corroborates the theoretical understanding of how effective mass interacts with gravitational and mechanical systems.

Summary: The described phenomenon illustrates how an object's apparent matter mass decreases due to the generation of an effective mass that resists acceleration. This results in a negative effective mass, consistent with the findings from empirical research that validate this theoretical concept. The integration of this idea offers a deeper understanding of how negative effective mass influences gravitational and mechanical dynamics.

" When an object with mass Mᴍ sets into motion (v), it accelerates (a) due to the force (F) = Mᴍ·a, and its invariant mass decreases due to the creation of effective mass that assists its acceleration, in turn, creates a negative effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ) due to the apparent loss of gravitational mass represented in the equation (Mᵉᶠᶠ = Mᴍ − Mɢ), an equation supported by intercontinental studies on Dark Energy and the Structure of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies" by A. D. Chernin et al. which aligns well with Soumendra Nath Thakur’s concept of negative effective mass.  "