Can Quantum Entanglement Truly Facilitate Information Exchange?

Soumendra Nath Thakur

ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803

20 March 2024

The following text explains quantum entanglement and its limitations in exchanging information. Quantum entanglement refers to a correlation between the states of particles that are separated by large distances. When one particle is measured, it instantly affects the state of the other particle, regardless of the distance between them. This phenomenon has led to speculation about the potential for instantaneous communication, sometimes called 'quantum teleportation.'

However, this correlation does not enable the transmission of information in the classical sense. While it may appear that information is being exchanged faster than the speed of light, it's crucial to understand that this correlation cannot be used to transmit information directly. This is because the state of one particle cannot be intentionally manipulated to convey a specific message to its entangled partner. Any attempt to manipulate one particle's state would only alter its own state, without conveying meaningful information to the other particle.

In summary, although quantum entanglement is a fascinating phenomenon with implications for quantum communication and computing, it does not facilitate the direct transmission of information over long distances. Instead, it represents a correlation between the states of particles that cannot be exploited for communication purposes in the classical sense.

Explanation:

Information exchange involves the transfer of data between individuals or organizations through electronic means or specific systems. Effective communication over a distance relies on the principles of data, information, and communication. Data can be discrete or continuous values that convey information about quantity, quality, facts, statistics, or sequences of symbols. Information is conveyed through a specific arrangement or sequence of things, involving processing, organization, and structuring. Communication is the transmission of information through various means, with models providing simplified overviews of its main components and interactions. Many models suggest that a source uses a coding system to convey information through a message, which is then sent through a channel to a receiver who must decode it. Modulation is the process of altering the properties of a carrier signal, converting data into radio waves by adding information to an electronic or optical carrier signal. Demodulation is the process of extracting the original information-bearing signal from a modulated carrier wave using an electronic circuit called a demodulator or detector. A carrier wave, carrier signal, or carrier is a waveform modified with an information-bearing signal for transmitting information.

Entanglement occurs when two particles, such as photons or electrons, become connected, even when separated by vast distances, as it arises from the connection between particles. Quantum entanglement is a process where energetically degenerate states cannot be separated, making electrons or photons indistinguishable. This results in two entangled indistinguishable particles being inextricably linked, regardless of temporal or spatial separation. A pair of particles is generated with individual quantum states indefinite until measured, and the act of measuring one determines the result of measuring the other, even at a distance. In essence, aspects of one particle depend on aspects of the other, regardless of their distance.

Entangled particles, such as electrons or atoms, remain in the same state, and when they interact with each other or with some external source, each of them represents different states and potentials that lead to the possibility of performing many different tasks simultaneously.

Quantum entanglement: questioning information exchange.

Anyone attempting to use quantum entanglement to exchange information cannot do so because long-distance information exchange requires communication of variable signals. However, the act of measuring one of the quantum-entangled particles determines the result of measuring the other, regardless of the distance between them. This phenomenon does not represent an exchange of information between the entangled particles but rather indicates that they behave identically, even spontaneously, as synchronized oscillations. Therefore, manipulating one particle will not manipulate the other; they behave identically. In conclusion, quantum entanglements do not exchange information, nor do they act as quantum information carriers; they simply behave identically. Thus, they are useless for exchanging data or information.

Ref. https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_Quantum_Entanglement_Truly_Facilitate_Information_Exchange

Remark: The speculation surrounding quantum entanglement suggests the possibility of instantaneous communication or 'quantum teleportation.' This speculation arises from the observed phenomenon where measuring one entangled particle instantaneously affects the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them. However, it's crucial to recognize that this speculation lacks concrete scientific evidence, as indicated by the term 'speculation.'

While external influences can induce entanglement between particles, this entanglement alone does not enable direct information exchange. Therefore, while there is speculation about the potential for instantaneous communication through quantum entanglement, it is not supported by current scientific understanding. Quantum entanglement remains a fascinating phenomenon with implications for quantum communication and computing, but its direct use for information exchange is limited by the constraints of quantum mechanics.

Remark2: Regarding the requirement for classical communication in quantum teleportation resonates perfectly with the interpretation presented in my initial question. It reinforces the understanding that despite the remarkable properties of quantum entanglement, the process of quantum teleportation still relies on conventional communication channels to convey information about measurement outcomes. This acknowledgment underscores the essential role of classical communication in completing the teleportation process and utilizing the transferred state effectively. It further emphasizes the fundamental constraints imposed by the laws of physics on the direct transmission of information through quantum entanglement alone.

#quantumentanglement

Mr. Harri Shore responded: probably not… Here's why: Measurement Outcomes Are Random When you measure one particle of an entangled pair, you can instantaneously know the state of the other, no matter the distance between them. However, the outcome of the measurement is fundamentally random. You cannot control the outcome of the measurement on one particle to influence the state of the other in a predictable way that would allow for information transfer. No-Communication Theorem This theorem is a principle within quantum mechanics stating that it is impossible to use quantum entanglement to transmit information (in the classical sense) faster than the speed of light. Observing the state of one particle does instantaneously collapse the wave function of the entangled partner, but this event cannot be used to communicate because the outcome appears random to an observer without access to both particles' outcomes. The Requirement for Classical Communication Even in quantum teleportation, where the state of one particle is effectively transferred to another distant particle, the process requires classical communication to work. That is, to complete the teleportation process and utilize the transferred state, information about the outcome of measurements (which is sent through conventional, slower-than-light channels) is necessary. While entanglement is a cornerstone for many emerging technologies in quantum computing and quantum cryptography, offering revolutionary methods for secure communication and computation, the fundamental laws of physics as we currently understand them prevent the use of quantum entanglement for faster-than-light information exchange. Quantum entanglement does, however, enable new forms of communication and computing that exploit the quantum properties for tasks unachievable with classical systems. Mr. Harri Shore's response marked as best answer: Analysis effectively underscores the limitations of quantum entanglement in enabling direct information exchange beyond the constraints imposed by classical communication. – Soumendra Nath Thakur Soumendra Nath Thakur acknowledged Mr. Harri Shore's response: Dear Dr. Harri Shore, I sincerely appreciate and thank you for your insightful analysis and response to the question regarding the potential of quantum entanglement for facilitating information exchange. Your thorough examination of the topic sheds light on the complexities and limitations inherent in utilizing quantum entanglement for communication purposes. You aptly highlighted several crucial points: Measurement Outcomes are Random: Your explanation regarding the randomness of measurement outcomes in quantum entanglement elucidates the inherent unpredictability that prevents the reliable transmission of meaningful information. No-Communication Theorem: Your elucidation of the no-communication theorem underscores the fundamental principle within quantum mechanics, which dictates that the instantaneous correlation between entangled particles cannot be exploited for faster-than-light communication due to the apparent randomness of outcomes. The Requirement for Classical Communication: Your emphasis on the necessity of classical communication, even in scenarios like quantum teleportation, underscores the indispensable role of conventional channels in conveying information about measurement outcomes, thereby completing the communication process. Your analysis effectively underscores the limitations of quantum entanglement in enabling direct information exchange beyond the constraints imposed by classical communication. While quantum entanglement holds promise for revolutionizing fields such as quantum computing and cryptography, its application in facilitating faster-than-light communication remains constrained by the laws of physics. Once again, I thank you for your valuable insights and contributions to this discussion. Best regards, Soumendra Nath Thakur Dr. Harri Shore's statement regarding the requirement for classical communication in quantum teleportation resonates perfectly with the interpretation presented in my initial question. It reinforces the understanding that despite the remarkable properties of quantum entanglement, the process of quantum teleportation still relies on conventional communication channels to convey information about measurement outcomes. This acknowledgment underscores the essential role of classical communication in completing the teleportation process and utilizing the transferred state effectively. It further emphasizes the fundamental constraints imposed by the laws of physics on the direct transmission of information through quantum entanglement alone. Best regards, Soumendra Nath Thakur