Relativistic re-interpretation of curvature in spacetime:

Soumendra Nath Thakur

December 29, 2024

Photons do not possess rest mass, but this does not imply they lack effective mass. In fact, photons have an effective mass given by m_eff = E/c ^2 . Moreover, photons exhibit a negative apparent mass, which exceeds their matter mass, resulting in a net negative effective mass.

This negative effective mass generates an anti-gravitational force, enabling photons to escape gravitational wells.

The idea of spacetime curvature as a manifestation of gravity fundamentally contradicts the concept of gravity as a classical force. Both concepts—gravity as a force and gravity as spacetime curvature—cannot simultaneously hold validity in scientific reasoning.

Experimental evidence and observations strongly support gravity as a force, while the notion of physical spacetime curvature producing tangible gravitational effects lacks empirical grounding. The concept of spacetime curvature stems from speculative assumptions rather than validated scientific principles.

Since no human can physically realize or measure spacetime curvature, the relativistic interpretation of gravity should be reconsidered, favoring a framework grounded in observable and verifiable phenomena.