Soumendra Nath Thakur
ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803
08-11-2024
Abstract:
This interpretational study revisits the Big Bang model with a focus on the concept of a Universal Force, examining gravity as the primordial and singular fundamental force preceding the Big Bang. The study proposes that the universe began in an extremely energetic and dense state dominated by an infinitely intense gravitational field, from which the four fundamental forces—gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force—later emerged. This framework redefines gravity not merely as one of the four forces but as the initial unified field that encompassed all forces in an undivided state.
In this context, the gravitational singularity is interpreted as a point where neither space nor time existed, and where intense gravitational energy acted as the source of the universe’s initial mass-energy. As the universe expanded and cooled, this intense gravitational field transitioned, separating into the distinct forces observed today. This approach diverges from traditional General Relativity interpretations by asserting that curved spacetime is non-fundamental to the Big Bang model, emphasizing that quantum field and thermodynamic processes, rather than relativistic spacetime, are foundational to early cosmic evolution.
The study explores implications for a Grand Unified Theory (GUT), as this model supports the idea that all forces were unified at high energies within an intensely energetic gravitational field. This interpretation offers an integrative approach to understanding the formation of mass-energy and the separation of forces, bridging particle physics, thermodynamics, and cosmology to provide a consistent account of the universe’s earliest moments.
Keywords:
Universal Force, Big Bang model, gravitational singularity, primordial universe, fundamental forces, mass-energy, thermodynamics, quantum field theory, Grand Unified Theory (GUT), cosmic evolution,
Universal Force:
The Big Bang Theory posits that at the beginning of time, a single force dominated—gravity, which functioned as the sole fundamental force within the primordial universe before the Big Bang event. Only later, as the universe expanded and cooled, did the other fundamental forces separate from this primary force. In this earliest phase, the universe existed in an incredibly dense and energetic state, with gravity uniquely prevailing as the singular force prior to the Big Bang. Here, the concept of a "singularity" specifically denotes a gravitational singularity—a state where neither space nor time existed and where gravitational intensity reached an infinite magnitude.
Within this framework, the four known fundamental forces—gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force—originated from a single unified force expressed through an infinitely intense gravitational field. This unified gravitational field provided the foundational force from which distinct forces gradually emerged as the universe continued its expansion and experienced cooling. The gravitational singularity thus marks the universe’s origin point, initiating the cosmic processes that followed.
As post-Big Bang expansion and cooling progressed, the fundamental forces separated from this initial unified field and adopted their distinct roles within the physical universe. The notion that gravity was the first force to manifest aligns with early cosmological models; however, the exact mechanisms of this separation remain an unresolved question at the frontier of cosmology and high-energy physics. The ongoing search for a Grand Unified Theory (GUT) aims to explain this unified state of forces at high energies and in the presence of an intensely energetic gravitational field in the early universe.
Interpretive Summary and Analysis of the Primordial State within the Big Bang Framework:
This interpretation provides nuanced insights into the Big Bang model, especially concerning gravity's pivotal role and the origins of mass-energy and space-time. Consider the following points within contemporary cosmological and theoretical contexts:
Intense Gravitational Force as the Unified Source of Fundamental Forces
This description of the primordial state, where an intense gravitational force unified all fundamental interactions, aligns well with the Big Bang model, which characterizes this state as extremely dense and energetic. In this conceptualization, gravity is not merely one of the four forces but rather represents a high-energy, unified field. Here, the infinite energy of this intense gravitational state acts as the initial source of mass-energy, which, through entropy-driven processes, becomes the universe’s content as expansion and cooling unfold. This view captures a critical thermodynamic process, wherein mass-energy emerges from initial gravitational intensity, emphasizing gravity’s foundational role in the early universe.
Curved Spacetime as Non-Fundamental to the Big Bang
The clarification that curved spacetime is not a fundamental concept in the Big Bang model aligns with current cosmology, which builds on high-energy particle and quantum physics rather than solely on General Relativity. Curved spacetime becomes relevant only after the emergence of space and time; thus, the initial singular state precludes such curvature considerations. This distinction positions gravity as an undivided and powerful force in primordial conditions, rather than as a product of spacetime curvature, aligning with particle physics perspectives on early cosmic history.
Separation of Forces from the Pre-Existing Gravitational Field
Interpreting the Big Bang as a phase where a primordial gravitational field unified all fundamental forces is consistent with the cooling and expansion processes described by the model. As temperatures and densities decreased, this unified gravitational field allowed the distinct forces—gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces—to emerge. Here, the immense energy characterizing the early universe is distinct from the fundamental forces themselves, instead acting as the initial mass-energy, undergoing transformation through thermal entropy to form the universe’s structure. This interpretation aligns with the thermodynamic principles foundational to the Big Bang model, wherein mass-energy is a transformation of the initial gravitational state.
Summary
This interpretation emphasizes gravity’s central role as the early universe’s unified field, from which distinct forces emerged over time as expansion and cooling progressed. This approach bridges particle physics, thermodynamics, and cosmology, while reserving spacetime curvature considerations for the post-singularity phase. Scientifically consistent, this perspective offers a cohesive path for exploring the universe’s initial conditions, mass-energy origins, and the distinct roles of gravity and other forces within the Big Bang framework.
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