26 July 2021

Dark energy antigravity vs. matter gravity – Accelerated cosmological expansion:

The effective mass of dark energy is <0 and its gravitating mass is more than matter mass that results a strong effect at large scale as such, the cosmological expansion accelerate.

Antigravity exerted by dark energy affects a cosmic structure strongly at large scale. The dark energy background produces antigravity which is stronger than the matter gravity in the present Universe as a whole. This makes the cosmological expansion accelerated.

The cosmic antigravity can be stronger than gravity globally and also locally in the scale between 3.26 lightyear and 3.262×107 lightyear. The local weakfield dynamical effects of dark energy adequately described in term of Newtonian mechanics, and its effective gravitating density is negative, producing antigravity.

Gravity dominates at distances, while antigravity is stronger than gravity, therefore, a gravitationally bound system with its mass can exist only inside the zero gravity sphere of its radius [circumference of a sphere where, (antigravity - gravity = 0)], while dark energy is effective in the outer region of the domination of gravitating mass and practically have no effect within the strong domination of gravitating mass.   

 

#Gravity #AntiGravity #DarkEnergy #AcceleratedExpansion

24 July 2021

Isn’t time dilation not only reduces one's age, it also increases circumference of a clock dial >360° to accommodate enlarged divisions of a minute?

Time dilation, in relativity, is the difference in the elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either due to a relative velocity between them or to a difference in gravitational potential between their locations. The apparent paradox arising from relativity theory that if one of a pair of twins makes a long journey at near the speed of light and then returns, he or she will have aged less than the twin who remains behind.

Therefore, the above paradox conveys that time dilation can reduce one's age, and it also means that the said clock, in a long journey at near the speed of light, have enlarged the divisions of the minute scale within the dial circumference of the clock in journey to accommodate greater than 360 degrees (>360°) of the plane angle of that clock dial.

So the question is, "Is said accommodations of greater than 360 degrees (>360°) of the plane angle of that clock dial valid?"

- Soumendra Nath Thakur

 

#TimeDilation

18 July 2021

Mechanical Stress due to Gravitational force (g-force):

 

Mechanical oscillators are harmonic oscillators use balance wheels or pendulums resonance, preferred at a certain rate.

Crystal oscillators use mechanical resonance of vibrating crystals of piezoelectric material and create electrical signal with a constant frequency.

However, atomic oscillators’ mechanisms are based on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation in excited states of certain atoms, used as constant frequency.

Irrespective of the type of the oscillators used in a clock for time keeping, herein specifically known as a body, are made up of either certain atomic and/or certain molecular particles.

Such a body in acceleration and in gravitational potential experiences less weight due to the experience of less gravitational force per unit mass of that body in lesser gravitational potential. Accordingly gravity exerts less force on the body and to the neighbouring particles within the continuous internal material of such a body; this causes less mechanical stress to any oscillating particles within that body causing their lesser frequency or enlarged wavelength of the oscillator.

Therefore an accelerating body or a body in gravitational potential shall experience lesser frequency or enlarged wavelength of the oscillator.   

- Soumendra Nath Thakur 

 18 July 2021

#AbsoluteTime #AbstractMathematics #AbstractScience #EnergyFrequency #EnergyFrequencyInteraction #EnergyGravityInteraction #EnergyMass #Frequency #FrequencyGravityInteraction #GeneralRelativity #GravitationalRedShift #Gravity #Mass #MassGravityInteraction #MechanicalStress #OriginPoint #PlankEquation #PlanksEquation #Reality #Redshift #RelativeTime #Space #SpecialRelativity #Time #TimeDilation #Wavelength #WavelengthDilation

16 July 2021

The vibrational Universe. (f Hz.):

Max Planck shown us that the energy equivalents frequency (E∝v) in the year 1900, which, according to me, is mightier than any other post laws during twentieth century.

"There is no matter as such. All matter originates and exists only by virtue of a force which brings the particle of an atom to vibration - Max Planck." He said this in 1944 - few years before his death in 1947, while he discovered this earlier in 1900.

Max Planck
 
Planck said in 1944, "as a man who has devoted his whole life to the most clear headed science, to the study of matter, I can tell you as a result of my research about atoms this much:There is no matter as such. All matter originates and exists only by virtue of a force which brings the particle of an atom to vibration and holds this most minute solar system of the atom together. . ... "
 

15 July 2021

Time as in brief description.

Do not we measure eventual changes in the scale of time? Don't we consider the age of the Universe till now evolved through events on the scale of time so that the absolute age of the universe is determined. These are more of my statements than questions.

Time is defined as the indefinite continued progress of existence and events in the past, present, and future regarded as a whole, and is irreversible progression.

The concept of time may not only begin due to the cosmological bodies but the requirement of time was also there in everyone’s a day-to-day life. A possibility in the requirement of time might have started locally. The ongoing Universal events those certainly indulge one in conceptualising time and accordingly time might have been conceptualized. Actually time is a concept of a uniformed scale to track events in the existence where past, present and future regarded as a whole. Time is significant because of the events, otherwise time is meaningless.

Spatial progression or spatial events necessarily needs to be tracked from above the spatial dimensions of height, depth and width, so as to avoid a likely dimensional conflict among the dimensions of space and dimension of time, hence time is conceptualised in the fourth dimension, so as to enable time to track the three dimensional existence and events through its uniformed scale. Time is therefore a human made concept, prevailing in the imperceptible fourth dimension and ticking at a constant rate for the entire universe and everything in it since its beginning.

Constancy of time is Inevitable because two variables (one is in consideration and another as reference/scale) cannot determine a variable without a constant reference/scale. Here events are variables and time as scale.

(e.g. a crystal oscillator in a digital clock and the digits displayed on the clock are two independent sections in the electronic circuit of the clock, while the crystal provides a constant oscillation as reference to the circuit and the other section of the circuit tells the time in reference of said oscillation crystal, so that a perfect synchronized time is achieved for that moment as a combined effect of the clock circuit.)

Not only present but past and future too need to be in such considerations of variable events, so time (as reference) necessarily needs to be a constant in character, not variable, but slices of time may have variable values due to their relative locations while it's mother time (as reference/scale) do not vary so that there is time difference between any two celestial objects in space.

The values of future events are not in the present consideration in the measurements of the current values but they are going be in the future values of universal events and, there cannot be any exception, as such time is continued progress through past, present and future.

Time is defined as the indefinite continued progress of existence and events in the past, present, and future regarded as a whole, irreversible progression, a concept - distinct, independent and uniformed in scale, had a beginning, resides above spatial dimension, disassociated from any of the fundamental interactions, but events (not time) are results of interactions of the fundamental interactions etc.


E.g. since time is a function of events { f(t):x→y } in the past, present, and future regarded as a whole, therefore time keeps records of the past events, tracks present events, and time will track events in the indefinite future too... a particular event what we are experiencing now that we could have experienced ten years ago too - is possible only in concept and not physically, as there would be a locational difference between the origination of light and observation of the same light, besides that the light energy would be diminished too between its origin and its observation. And for this reason time indefinitely continue its progress through the past, present, and future as a whole.

#Time