The Inconsistency of Relativistic Spacetime Curvature in an Expanding Universe:

March 31, 2025

A fundamental contradiction arises when considering the relativistic interpretation of spacetime curvature alongside the widely accepted notion of cosmic expansion. In general relativity, gravity is not treated as a force but as the manifestation of spacetime curvature caused by massive bodies. However, if spacetime itself is expanding—stretching at cosmological scales—then the very fabric that supposedly curves under gravitational influence is in a state of dynamic transformation.  

This presents an unavoidable paradox: how can spacetime maintain a stable and well-defined curvature around massive bodies if it is simultaneously undergoing large-scale expansion? If spacetime curvature is a tangible, physical distortion as relativity claims, then it should be subject to deformation or attenuation as the fabric of spacetime stretches. This would imply that local gravitational wells formed by massive bodies should either weaken or morph unpredictably over time. Yet, no such effects are observed. Instead, gravitational interactions remain stable and consistent over cosmic timescales, a characteristic that aligns more with a classical gravitational field than a malleable spacetime fabric.  

Moreover, if the curvature of spacetime were truly a fundamental and rigid aspect of general relativity, then the expansion of spacetime should also stretch or distort these curvatures in a manner that would be empirically measurable. However, relativists make no such allowances; they conveniently separate local spacetime curvature (due to gravity) from large-scale cosmic expansion, even though both supposedly affect the same underlying spacetime. This selective treatment of relativistic curvature exposes a significant inconsistency: spacetime curvature is treated as physically real when describing gravity, yet as an abstract mathematical construct when dealing with cosmic expansion.  

In contrast, classical mechanics and ECM provide a more consistent framework where gravity operates through a force-based field that is not inherently tied to the expansion of space itself. This eliminates the paradox of having a dynamically stretching medium that simultaneously holds stable curvatures, reinforcing the idea that the relativistic model of spacetime curvature is an opportunistic construct rather than a physically coherent reality.

The Geometric Inconsistency of Relativistic Gravitational Lensing:

Soumendra Nath Thakur 

March 31, 2025

Steve Brunelle,

You asked, "What the hell?"—so here’s your answer: The "hell" lies in your misunderstanding of my earlier comment.  

You further question the relationship between classical mechanics' interpretation of gravity (as exerted by physical mass) and relativistic space curvature. That misunderstanding leads you to overlook a critical fact: Classical mechanics consistently interprets gravity as a force creating a gravitational field, which in turn bends the path of light. In contrast, relativity proposes that light bends due to the curvature of spacetime—an interpretation that is fundamentally flawed.  

The Geometric Discrepancy in Light Bending: 

A nuanced geometric explanation exposes the opportunistic nature of relativity’s claim that light bends due to spacetime curvature, while it simultaneously misrepresents the classical mechanics' interpretation of gravitational lensing.  

1. Classical mechanics' gravitational field extends beyond the physical boundary of a massive body, allowing light to be deflected as it travels through the field. This is a geometrically consistent model, as the extended gravitational influence enables light to pass around the massive object and reach the observer.  

2. Relativity's spacetime curvature, however, is in direct physical contact with the massive body itself. Since relativity describes spacetime as a natural fabric that bends under mass, it implies that light should be obstructed rather than deflected—because the massive body would rest directly on the "bent" fabric of spacetime, blocking light from passing through. This presents a geometric contradiction within relativity’s framework.  

Thus, the relativistic model fails to provide a self-consistent geometric explanation for gravitational lensing. Instead, relativists opportunistically rely on the classical mechanics' force-based gravitational field interpretation while claiming to uphold spacetime curvature. This contradiction exposes the flawed nature of relativistic gravitational lensing, which is nothing more than an opportunistic misappropriation of classical mechanics.

Einstein’s Inconsistencies in Relativity and the Opportunistic Interpretation of Spacetime:

Soumendra Nath Thakur

March 30, 2025

Einstein formulated gravity as a consequence of spacetime curvature rather than a force. However, when Hubble's observations confirmed that the universe was expanding, Einstein did not revise his theory to accommodate this discovery consistently. Instead, he withdrew the cosmological constant (Λ) from his General Relativity equations, as it was originally introduced to maintain a static universe—an assumption later proven incorrect.

Thus, the Lambda (Λ)-CDM model which is based on the FLRW metric, includes the cosmological constant (Λ), measured to be approximately (2.1 ± 0.1) × 10⁻⁵² m⁻². This can also be expressed as 10⁻³⁵ s⁻² by multiplying with c² ≈ 10¹⁷ m²⋅s⁻²), or equivalently as 10⁻¹²² ℓP⁻², where ℓP is the Planck length.

Despite this, Einstein did not refine the interpretation of time dilation or curved space to align with new empirical findings. Had he done so, it would have required incorporating aspects of Classical Mechanics' gravitational framework, which might have undermined Relativity itself. The claim that Einstein "would have known about Dark Matter and Energy" is misleading. Dark energy, now linked to the cosmological constant, was never intended to describe an expanding universe; rather, it was a mathematical fix to prevent a static universe from collapsing.

Modern relativists attempt to validate Einstein’s theory by promoting biased and misrepresented experimental results. Instead of acknowledging frequency distortion as the cause of perceived time distortion, they insist on time dilation as an intrinsic property of spacetime. Furthermore, they opportunistically conflate the classical interpretation of a curved gravitational field with spacetime curvature, despite fundamental inconsistencies in such a representation. This behavior lacks intellectual honesty.

Photon Interactions and Pair Production: A General Perspective, Not an ECM Interpretation.

March 30, 2025

Photon self-interactions are absent in pure Maxwell’s theory. Photon-matter interactions should not be confused with direct photon-photon interactions, as photons do not typically collide within their ordinary energy range of 1–2 eV. For two photons to collide and produce an electron-positron pair, their initial energy must exceed 1 MeV (1,000,000 eV), whereas visible light photons only possess an energy range of 1–2 eV.

However, photon self-interactions can be induced through photon-matter interactions. Effective photon-photon interactions emerge in low-energy Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) frameworks. One such interaction is electron-positron pair production, where a high-energy photon—such as a gamma-ray photon—transforms into an electron (negatively charged) and a positron (positively charged, the electron's antiparticle). For this process to occur, the photon must possess sufficient energy, at least twice the rest mass energy of an electron (approximately 1.022 MeV), to generate both an electron and a positron.

The Measurability Principle and the Inconsistency of Relativistic Gravity:

Soumendra Nath Thakur 

March 30, 2025

A fundamental principle in science is that physical entities must be measurable, either directly or indirectly, through empirical evidence. If something is inherently unmeasurable, it falls outside the realm of physical science and into speculation.

If gravity is indeed a force, then Classical Mechanics provides a more appropriate framework for describing gravitational interactions. However, relativity redefines gravity not as a force but as a consequence of spacetime curvature. This fundamental shift raises an important question: How can gravity still be presented as a force within a relativistic framework? Such an approach appears inconsistent, if not opportunistic.

Furthermore, claiming that spacetime possesses physical properties while simultaneously asserting that it cannot be directly measured results in an unfalsifiable premise—one that cannot be tested, verified, or refuted by empirical means. This undermines the scientific validity of the relativistic treatment of gravity, as it relies on theoretical constructs that do not adhere to the fundamental requirement of measurability.

The Flawed Empirical Basis of Relativistic Gravitational Lensing And The Misinterpretation of Gravitational Lensing in Relativity

The claim that "spacetime itself may not be directly measurable, but its effects on observable phenomena can be" is fundamentally flawed and scientifically inconsistent. A rigorous analysis of gravitational lensing reveals a critical contradiction in the relativistic interpretation.  

If light were truly bending due to spacetime curvature, it would be obstructed by the massive body responsible for this curvature, preventing it from reaching an observer positioned beyond the gravitating mass. This contradicts the observational evidence attributed to gravitational lensing. Instead, the bending of light aligns with the classical interpretation, where light follows the curvature of the gravitational field rather than an abstract, unmeasurable warping of spacetime.  

Thus, the empirical claims supporting relativistic gravitational lensing are misleading. The phenomenon is more accurately explained by classical gravitational fields, rendering the relativistic interpretation of spacetime curvature not only unnecessary but fundamentally flawed.

The Misinterpretation of Gravitational Lensing in Relativity

While both the relativistic and classical models predict the bending of light, their underlying mechanisms differ significantly. The classical model attributes this effect to the gravitational field's direct influence on light’s trajectory, a concept that remains scientifically consistent and aligns with fundamental physical principles.

Conversely, the relativistic model claims that light bends due to the curvature of spacetime itself. However, this assertion lacks scientific consistency, as spacetime is an abstract mathematical construct rather than a physically measurable entity. If spacetime curvature were responsible for lensing, light passing near a massive body would be obstructed by that body rather than bending around it.

Thus, observational verifications attributed to relativistic gravitational lensing are based on flawed interpretations. The bending of light is best explained by classical gravitational fields, reaffirming that gravitational lensing is a consequence of classical mechanics rather than an effect of an unmeasurable and physically inconsistent spacetime curvature.