Difference between relativistic Doppler shift and shift due to gravitational potential difference:

[Author ORCID: 0000-0003-1871-7803]

When an oscillating body is subjected to either relative velocity or a gravitational potential difference, it can experience a phase shift in its oscillations, which can be associated with an infinitesimal loss of wave energy.

However, the difference between the relative Doppler shift and the phase shift due to the potential difference is the relative energy difference between the propagating wave and the oscillating bodies in relative position, respectively.

Doppler shift considers the frequency change of a wave in propagation but gravitational potential difference considers the frequency change of the oscillating body'. Furthermore, propagating waves even become irrelevant in terms of velocity when the oscillating body itself is in motion.

What happens when light intersects other light?

In answer I say that light is a bunch of photons and each photon has approximately the same frequency. So when light beams converge to collide with each other, the oscillations of the colliding photons will be immediately amplified but at about the same time the amplified oscillations of the photons will revert back to their previous state.

Photons will move in the direction of their motion with almost no energy expenditure. Almost no energy expenditure is possible because photons have no rest mass and therefore no reverse reaction to their collisions according to Newton's third law.

This explanation applies not only to light but also to any electromagnetic wave.

Note: Photons maintain their energy and momentum during their propagation and interactions. When two light beams converge and their photons collide, the resulting interaction can lead to the phenomena of interference. Interference occurs when the waves align constructively or destructively, resulting in amplification or cancellation of the wave amplitudes, respectively. This behavior is a characteristic of wave phenomena, including light.

The Doppler effect is the consequence of the only exception is when photon leaves gravitational well from its source.

#intersectinglight

The Clock and Time:

[Author ORCID: 0000-0003-1871-7803]

1. Clocks are designed to measure and display the passage of time in various formats.

2. The time shown on a clock can be affected by relativistic effect.

3. The phenomenon of time appearing to run differently for observers in different relative motion or in the presence of strong gravitational fields is known as time distortion.

4. A clock is a device or instrument that is designed to measure and display the passage of time.

5. A Clock shows time based on the instructions or mechanisms they are designed to follow.

6. The relativistic effects directly affect clocks.

7. In physics, time is typically treated as an independent parameter, as a fundamental dimension in which events occur. It is considered a fundamental aspect of the universe. In this sense, time itself is not subject to direct influence or change.

8. If the relativistic effects directly affect a clock, the state of time as measured by that clock would differ from the state of time as measured by an unaffected clock.

9. The clocks show time based on the instructions or mechanisms they are designed to follow. The instructions or mechanisms of clocks are not the definition of time itself, but rather they are designed to measure the passage of time in a consistent and reliable manner. Therefore, the relativistic effects cannot affect time directly since, the instructions or mechanisms of clocks are not the definition of time itself.

#clock #time

Electromagnetic Momentum Energy Speed of light Mass Planck constant Frequency and Wavelength

p = E/c = mc = hf/c = hλ

The above equation provided several important relationships in physics:

p represents momentum.

E represents energy.

c represents the speed of light in vacuum.

m represents mass.

h represents the Planck constant.

f represents frequency.

λ represents wavelength.

Each of these quantities has specific meanings and units:

Momentum (p) is the product of an object's mass (m) and its velocity (v). In the equation p = E/c = mc, the first term represents momentum, and it is equal to the energy (E) divided by the speed of light (c).

The equation E = mc^2 represents the famous mass-energy equivalence relationship proposed by Einstein in his theory of special relativity. It states that energy (E) is equal to mass (m) multiplied by the speed of light squared (c^2).

In the equation hf/c, h represents the Planck constant, f represents frequency, and c is the speed of light. This equation relates the energy of a photon (hf) to its momentum (p) through the speed of light (c).

Finally, the equation hλ relates the Planck constant (h) to the wavelength (λ) of a wave or particle.

It's important to note that these equations are derived and applicable within specific physical theories, such as special relativity and quantum mechanics. They have been extensively tested and confirmed by experimental observations. Each equation represents a different aspect of physical phenomena and provides a mathematical description of the relationships between various quantities.

p = E/c: This equation relates momentum (p) to energy (E) through the speed of light (c). It is derived from special relativity and indicates that the momentum of a particle is equal to its energy divided by the speed of light.

mc: This equation represents the relativistic mass (m) of an object multiplied by the speed of light (c). It is another formulation derived from special relativity, which relates mass and energy.

hf/c: This equation relates the momentum (p) of a photon to its frequency (f) and the speed of light (c). It is derived from the equation for the momentum of a photon, which is given by p = hf/c, where h is the Planck constant.

hλ: This equation relates the momentum (p) of a photon to its wavelength (λ) through the Planck constant (h). It is another formulation of the equation for the momentum of a photon.

Relative time from frequencies causes clock error, misrepresenting as time dilation:

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Relative time emerge from relative frequency. A phase shift in relative frequency results in an infinitesimal loss of wave energy, and a corresponding enlargement in the wavelength of oscillation can lead to errors in clock time readings between relative locations due to differences in velocity or gravitational potential.

1.     When an oscillating body is subjected to either relative velocity or a gravitational potential difference, it can experience a phase shift in its oscillations, which can be associated with an infinitesimal loss of wave energy.

2.     The phase shift in relative frequencies refers to a change in the timing or synchronization of oscillations between two clocks in different relative locations. This can occur due to factors such as differences in velocity or gravitational potential. As a result, there can be a discrepancy or error in the measurement of time between the clocks.

3.     The wavelength, as a spatial property, can be affected by these factors and undergo distortion or enlargement. However, it's important to note that the wavelength itself does not directly represent clock time. Rather, it is the timing or synchronization of the oscillations that is relevant for measuring time.

4.     The time-related distortion, which represents the temporal aspects of the phenomenon, can be influenced by the phase shift and changes in wavelength. This can lead to errors in the reading of clock time between relative locations.

5.     A phase shift refers to the displacement of a wave form in time. A complete wave cycle, also known as a period (T), corresponds to a phase shift of 360 degrees or 2π radians.

6.     When representing a complete wave cycle in degrees (°), it can be denoted as T(deg). In this notation, T(deg) represents the angular measure of one complete cycle of the waveform in degrees.

7.     In terms of frequency (f), which represents the number of wave cycles per unit of time, there is an inverse relationship between the period and the frequency. The period (T) is the reciprocal of the frequency (f), and the relationship can be expressed as:

T = 1 / f

8.     If we express the period in degrees, T(deg), the relationship still holds:
T(deg) = 360° / f

9.     In this case, T(deg) represents the angular measure of one complete cycle of the waveform in degrees, and it is inversely proportional to the frequency (f).

10. Phase shifts can occur under the effects of relative velocities of observers and gravitational potential differences. These effects can introduce changes in the perception of time and the behavior of clocks, which may manifest as phase shifts in oscillatory systems and cause errors in time between relative clock oscillations under the effects of both relative velocities and gravitational potential differences.

11. When two clocks are in relative motion, such as in the case of relative velocities, as a result, the oscillations of the clocks can experience a phase shift, causing an error in the measurement of time between the clocks.

12. Similarly, in the presence of gravitational potential differences, clocks at different heights or in different gravitational fields will have different rates of time flow. This difference in the perceived flow of time can cause phase shifts in the oscillations of the clocks, resulting in errors in time measurement between them.

13. The phase shifts in relative frequencies due to these effects can indeed cause errors in the reading of clock time. The magnitude of these errors depends on factors such as the relative velocity between the clocks or the difference in gravitational potential. In everyday situations, these errors are typically negligible, but in scenarios involving high velocities or strong gravitational fields, they can become significant and need to be accounted for in accurate timekeeping.

14. It's worth noting that modern technologies and scientific advancements, such as synchronization protocols and correction algorithms, have been developed to mitigate and compensate for these phase shifts and errors in time measurement. These techniques help ensure that clocks and timekeeping systems can account for the effects of relative velocities and gravitational potential differences, providing accurate and reliable time measurements even in the presence of such factors.

15. Summary: phase shifts can occur between relative clock oscillations under the effects of both relative velocities and gravitational potential differences. These phase shifts can introduce errors in time measurement, and it is important to consider and compensate for these effects in applications where precise timekeeping is required.

Concluding that the phase shifts can occur and cause errors in time between relative clock oscillations under the effects of both relative velocities and gravitational potential differences; it is actually error in clock time due to relativistic effects, misrepresented as time dilation.

Reference Relativistic effects on phaseshift in frequencies invalidate time dilation II

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